Marcia Stein v. Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc.

FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

MARCIA STEIN; RODOLFO BONE, No. 22-15862 Qui Tam Relators; ex rel. United States of America, D.C. Nos.

Plaintiffs-Appellants, 3:16-cv-05337-

EMC

and 3:13-cv-03891-

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, EMC

Plaintiff,

OPINION

v.

KAISER FOUNDATION HEALTH

PLAN, INC., a California corporation;

KAISER FOUNDATION

HOSPITALS, a California corporation; KAISER FOUNDATION

HEALTH PLAN OF COLORADO, A

Colorado Corporation; KAISER

FOUNDATION HEALTH PLAN OF

GEORGIA, INC., a Georgia corporation; KAISER FOUNDATION

HEALTH PLAN OF THE MID-

ATLANTIC STATES, INC., a Maryland corporation; KAISER STEIN V. KAISER FOUND. HEALTH PLAN, INC.

FOUNDATION HEALTH PLAN OF

THE NORTHWEST, an Oregon corporation; KAISER FOUNDATION

HEALTH PLAN OF WASHINGTON,

a Washington corporation;

PERMANENTE MEDICAL GROUP,

INC., a California corporation;

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

PERMANENTE MEDICAL GROUP;

COLORADO PERMANENTE

MEDICAL GROUP, a Colorado corporation; SOUTHEAST

PERMANENTE MEDICAL GROUP;

HAWAII PERMANENTE MEDICAL

GROUP; MID-ATLANTIC

PERMANENTE MEDICAL GROUP;

NORTHWEST…