1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 CHRISTINA RITTER HOOK, Case No.: 24-CV-1939 JLS (KSC)

12 Petitioner,

ORDER DISMISSING CASE

13 v. WITHOUT PREJUDICE

14 MICHAEL RODDY, et al., 15 Respondents. 16 17 Presently before the Court is pro se Petitioner Christina Ritter Hook’s Petition for a 18 Writ of Habeas Corpus (“Pet.,” ECF No. 1), filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. For the 19 reasons discussed below, the Court dismisses the case without prejudice. 20 FAILURE TO SATISFY THE FILING FEE REQUIREMENT 21 Petitioner has failed to pay the $5.00 filing fee and has failed to move to proceed in 22 forma pauperis. The Court cannot proceed until Petitioner has either paid the $5.00 filing 23 fee or has qualified to proceed in forma pauperis. See R. 3(a), Rules Governing Section 24 2254 Cases (2019). Accordingly, the instant case is subject to dismissal for failure to 25 satisfy the filing fee requirement. 26 BASIS FOR PETITION 27 In the Petition, Petitioner seeks habeas relief “from unlawful incarceration in 28 violation of church and state separate and in violation of Article VI section III of the United 1 States Constitution” and asserts she “is being unlawfully detained,” citing case numbers 2 CN443326 and SCN457249. Pet. at 1. Meanwhile, the San Diego County Sheriff’s 3 Department’s website reflects that Petitioner was arrested by the San Diego Sheriff Office, 4 was booked on September 17, 2024, is being held on $101,000 bail, and that Petitioner’s 5 cases, case numbers CN443326 and SCN457249, are set to be heard in San Diego Superior 6 Court for further proceedings on November 15, 2024, on a misdemeanor charge of petty 7 theft and a felony charge of second degree robbery pursuant to Cal. Penal Codes 8 §§ 484–490.5 and 211, respectively. See Sheriff’s Who is in Jail, San Diego County 9 Sheriff’s Department, https://apps.sdsheriff.net/wij/wij.aspx (last visited October 22, 10 2024). While Petitioner alleges she is being held in custody in violation of the United 11 States Constitution, she is not currently in custody pursuant to the judgment of a state court. 12 Thus, any federal habeas challenge to Petitioner’s current detention is properly brought 13 under 28 U.S.C. § 2241, not 28 U.S.C. § 2254. As the Ninth Circuit has explained: 14 Section 2254 is properly understood as “in effect implement(ing) 15 the general grant of habeas corpus authority found in § 2241, as 16 long as the person is in custody pursuant to the judgment of a 17 state court, and not in state custody for some other reason, such 18 as pre-conviction custody, custody awaiting extradition, or other 19 forms of custody that are possible without a conviction. 20 White v. Lambert, 370 F.3d 1002, 1006 (9th Cir. 2004) (quoting Walker v. O’Brien, 216 21 F.3d 626, 633 (7th Cir. 2000) (additional citations omitted)). 22 “Subject matter jurisdiction under the federal habeas corpus statute, 28 U.S.C. 23 § 2254(a), is limited to those persons ‘in custody pursuant to the judgment of a State.’” 24 Brock v. Weston, 31 F.3d 887, 889 (9th Cir. 1994); see also 28 U.S.C. § 2241(c)(3). It is a 25 jurisdictional requirement that, at the time a habeas petition is filed, “the habeas petitioner 26 be ‘in custody’ under the conviction or sentence under attack.” Maleng v. Cook, 490 U.S. 27 488, 490–91 (1989) (citing 28 U.S.C. §§ 2241(c)(3) & 2254(a)); see Carafas v. LaVallee, 28 391 U.S. 234, 238 (1968). Accordingly, if Petitioner seeks to challenge the 1 ||/constitutionality of her pre-trial detention, she must file a petition for a writ of habeas 2 corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241, not 28 U.S.C. § 2254. 3 CONCLUSION 4 For the reasons discussed above, the Court DISMISSES the case without prejudice. 5 || For Petitioner’s convenience, the Clerk of Court is directed to send Petitioner a blank In 6 ||Forma Pauperis Application and a blank 28 U.S.C. § 2241 Habeas Petition form 7 ||together with a copy of this Order. 8 IT IS SO ORDERED. 9 Dated: October 25, 2024 . tt 10 jen Janis L. Sammartino United States District Judge 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28