1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 GEOSERVE ENERGY TRANSPORT Case No.: 24-cv-2148-RSH-SBC

DMCC,

12

ORDER: (1) GRANTING MOTION

Plaintiff, 13 FOR ISSUANCE OF WARRANT IN v. REM; (2) APPOINTING 14

SUBSTITUTE CUSTODIAN; AND (3)

M/V 0 7 VEGA S, iu rem, 15 DEFERRING RULING ON MOTION Defendant. TO DIRECT NOTICE 16

17 [ECF No. 2] 18

19 20 Before the Court is an ex parte application for an order authorizing the issuance of a 21 warrant for the arrest of Defendant “M/V 0 7 VEGA S,” IMO No. 9484247 (“Defendant 22 Vessel”) and application to appoint a substitute custodian filed by plaintiff Geoserve 23 Energy Transport DMCC. ECF No. 2. For the reasons below, the Court grants the 24 application. 25 I. BACKGROUND 26 On November 15, 2024, Plaintiff filed a Verified Complaint seeking the arrest of the 27 Defendant Vessel, her engines, tackle, apparel, furniture, gear and all other appurtenances 28 and necessaries belonging to her, in rem, pursuant to Rule C of the Supplemental Rules for 1 Admiralty or Maritime Claims and Asset Forfeiture Actions. ECF No. 1 ¶ 1. The Complaint 2 alleges the following. 3 Around early October 2023, Plaintiff was contacted by Infinity Shipping FZCO 4 (“Infinity”) regarding the supply of fuel bunkers to the Defendant Vessel. Id. ¶ 6. On 5 October 5, 2023, Plaintiff issued a Confirmation to sell very low sulfur fuel oil and low 6 sulfur marine gas oil to Infinity, to be delivered to the Defendant Vessel on October 10, 7 2023. Id. ¶ 9; ECF No. 1-2. Pursuant to the Confirmation, on October 10, 2023, Defendant 8 Vessel was supplied with low sulfur fuel oil and low sulfur marine gas. ECF Nos. 1 ¶ 22; 9 1-4. Plaintiff issued an invoice to Infinity for $188,254.78 to be paid by November 9, 2023. 10 ECF No. 1 ¶¶ 23–24. Infinity made a partial payment on this invoice for $20,000 on 11 February 8, 2024, leaving an outstanding principal balance of $168,254.78. Id. ¶ 39. 12 Plaintiff alleges it is owed: (1) $168,254.78 in principal; (2) $42,828.00 in interest; and (3) 13 $70,962.00 in legal expenses and costs. Id. ¶ 42; ECF No. 1-11. 14 On November 17, 2024, Plaintiff filed the instant ex parte application for an order: 15 (1) authorizing the issuance of an arrest warrant; (2) directing manner of notice and suit; 16 and (3) appointing a substitute custodian. ECF No. 2. On November 18, 2024, Plaintiff 17 filed a supplemental declaration asserting that “exigent circumstances” existed to review 18 its application as the Defendant Vessel is scheduled to depart the Port of San Diego on 4:30 19 p.m. on the same day. ECF No. 3 ¶ 4. 20 II. JURISDICTION 21 Federal district courts have original jurisdiction over “[a]ny civil action of admiralty 22 or maritime jurisdiction.” 28 U.S.C. § 1333. The Federal Maritime Act entitles “a person 23 providing necessaries to a vessel on the order of the owner or a person authorized by the 24 owner,” to (1) “a maritime lien on the vessel”; (2) “bring a civil action in rem to enforce 25 the lien”; and (3) to pursue those rights without alleging or proving in the action “that credit 26 was given to the vessel.” 46 U.S.C.S. § 31342. 27 “If a plaintiff demonstrates that it provided necessaries to a vessel by order of the 28 owner of the vessel or a person authorized by the owner, ‘it may invoke the admiralty 1 jurisdiction of the federal courts to enforce a necessaries lien in rem.’” Cahuenga Assocs. 2 v. S/V Mako, 256 F. Supp. 3d 1092, 1094 (S.D. Cal. 2017) (quoting Ventura Packers, Inc. 3 v. F/V Jeanine Kathleen, 305 F.3d 913, 919 (9th Cir. 2002)). The Act defines “necessaries” 4 to include “repairs, supplies, towage, and the use of a dry dock or marine railway.” 46 5 U.S.C.S. § 31301(4). In addition, “although a maritime contract may support admiralty 6 jurisdiction, it is not an essential prerequisite to a civil action in admiralty to enforce a 7 statutory necessaries lien.” Id. at 919. 8 III. ANALYSIS 9 A. Request for Arrest Warrant 10 “To commence an action in rem against a vessel, the plaintiff must file a 11 verified complaint that describes the vessel ‘with reasonable particularity’ and states that 12 the vessel ‘is within the district’ or will be so ‘while the action is pending.’” Barnes v. Sea 13 Haw. Rafting, LLC, 889 F.3d 517, 529 (9th Cir. 2018) (quoting Fed. R. Civ. P. Supp. Adm. 14 & Mar. Cl. R. C(2)). “If the plaintiff meets these conditions, the district court must take the 15 boat into custody—unless the plaintiff requests otherwise—by issuing an arrest warrant to 16 be served by the marshal.” Barnes v. Sea Haw. Rafting, LLC, 889 F.3d 517, 529 (9th Cir. 17 2018). “The rule envisions that the order will issue upon a prima facie showing that the 18 plaintiff has an action in rem against the defendant in the amount sued for and that the 19 property is within the district.” Fed. R. Civ. P., Supp. Admiralty Rule C, Advisory 20 Committee Notes to 1985 Amendment. “After the vessel is arrested, the owner is entitled 21 to ‘a prompt post-seizure hearing at which he can attack the verified complaint, the arrest, 22 the security demanded, or any other alleged deficiency in the proceedings up to that point.’” 23 Barnes v. Sea Haw. Rafting, LLC, 889 F.3d 517, 532 (9th Cir. 2018). 24 The Court has reviewed the Verified Complaint and related documents. Here, 25 Plaintiff has satisfied the requirements of Admiralty Rule C. Plaintiff’s supplemental 26 declaration states the Defendant Vessel is located in the Port of San Diego currently berthed 27 at Tenth Avenue Pier in San Diego, California at Berth 10-4. ECF No. 3 ¶ 3. The Defendant 28 Vessel is registered pursuant to the laws of Antigua and Barbuda with IMO No. 9484247. 1 ECF No. 1 ¶ 5. Plaintiff alleges it provided very low sulfur fuel oil and low sulfur marine 2 gas oil to the Defendant Vessel via its physical supplier on October 10, 2023. Id. ¶¶ 9, 22. 3 These are “necessaries” under the Maritime Lien Act. See Ventura Packers, 305 F.3d at 4 923 (“[M]odern admiralty jurisprudence interprets ‘necessaries’ broadly, as anything that 5 facilitates or enables a vessel to perform its mission or occupation.”). Plaintiff alleges it 6 was paid some money in fulfillment of Infinity’s payment obligations, but that an 7 outstanding sum remains due. Id. ¶¶ 39, 42. Finally, Plaintiff’s CEO submitted a 8 declaration, attached to the Complaint, declaring under the penalty of perjury that the facts 9 laid out in the Complaint are true and correct. ECF No. 1 at 15. 10 For the reasons set forth above, the Court concludes Plaintiff has made a prima facie 11 case demonstrating an in rem action over the Defendant Vessel is proper and that its 12 obligations under Rule C have been met. See Marine Grp. Boat Works, LLC v. Heather, 13 No. 24-cv-1303-BAS-DDL, 2024 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 135707, at *5 (S.D. Cal. July 30, 14 2024); Cap One Inc. v. MV Sierra Rose, No. 2:19-cv-01911-TLN-CKD, 2019 U.S. Dist. 15 LEXIS 213805, at *2–3 (E.D. Cal. Dec. 11, 2019); Cahuenga Assocs. v. S/V Mako, 256 F. 16 Supp. 3d 1092, 1095 (S.D. Cal. 2017). Plaintiff’s request to issue a warrant is therefore 17 granted. 18 B. Motion to Substitute Custodian 19 Plaintiff has also moved the Court to appoint National Maritime Services, Inc. 20 (“National Maritime”) as substitute custodian for the Defendant Vessel. ECF No. 2 at 10. 21 Under Southern District Local Rule E.1(c)(2) (Actions in Rem and Quasi in Rem): 22 On motion of any party, made after notice to the marshal and all parties 23 who have appeared, a judge may order that custody of the vessel be given to the operator of a marina or similar facility, repair yard, or 24 company regularly carrying on the business of ship's agent, if a judge 25 finds that such firm or person can and will safely keep the vessel and has in effect adequate insurance to cover liability for failure to do so. 26

27 Civil L.R. E.1(c)(2). 28 /// 1 The rule also contemplates the movement of the arrested vessel: 2 If the vessel must be moved to the place where custody will be maintained, a judge may also require insurance or other security to 3 protect those having an interest in the vessel, as well as those claiming 4 against her, from loss of damage to the res, liability of the vessel, incurred during movement. The order allowing such custody must fix 5 fees to be charged therefor and for any other services to be rendered the 6 vessel and must provide for their payment to the marshal in advance. 7 Id. Here, the Court is satisfied that National Maritime is able to safely harbor and move 8 the Defendant Vessel. In support of its request, Plaintiff submits the declaration of G. 9 Robert Toney, the Chairman and Founder of National Maritime. Mr. Toney declares that 10 “National Maritime is familiar with the Vessel and can adequately supervise and safely 11 keep her . . . during the pendency of this suit.” ECF No. 2-1 ¶ 4. Mr. Toney further declares 12 that National Maritime has liability insurance and assets adequate to respond in damages 13 for loss of or injury to the Vessel during said custody or for damages sustained by third 14 parties due to the negligence of National Maritime or its employees and/or agents 15 committed during said custody. Although Mr. Toney does not attest to certain insurance 16 policy limits, he includes a Certificate of Liability Insurance as Exhibit 2 to his declaration 17 that appears to indicate that National Maritime maintains the following insurance policies: 18 (1) a $2,000,000 commercial general liability policy and (2) a $3,000,000 umbrella policy. 19 ECF No. 2-1 Ex. 2. 20 Further, Mr. Toney explains that National Maritime provides services including 21 cleaning, maintenance, and custodianship. ECF No. 2-1 ¶ 2. Further, National Maritime 22 agrees to perform certain custodianship services upon the Vessel, including but not limited 23 to the following: 24 a. Assume custody of the Vessel as substitute custodian at its present 25 berth; 26 b. Inventory all equipment and property on the Vessel; c. Maintain a keeper on the Vessel as necessary to maintain security for 27 the Vessel until it has been brought to a secure facility; 28 d. Periodically inspect mooring lines; 1 e. Conduct on-board inspections of the Vessel to assess general maintenance needs; and 2 f. Provide additional services such as cleaning and minor maintenance 3 as reasonably appropriate under the circumstances 4 Id. ¶ 4. 5 Based on the above facts, the Court concludes National Maritime can and will safely 6 act as an adequate custodian for the Defendant Vessel. The Court therefore grants 7 Plaintiff’s motion for appointment of substitute custodian. 8 IV. CONCLUSION 9 For the reasons stated above, the Court GRANTS Plaintiff’s Motion for an Arrest 10 Warrant as follows: 11 1. The immediate issuance of a Warrant for the arrest of the Defendant Vessel 12 “M/V 0 7 VEGA S,” IMO No. 9484247 and her engines, tackle, apparel, furniture, gear 13 and all other appurtenances and necessaries belonging to her, is authorized. 14 2. The Clerk of Court is DIRECTED to prepare a Warrant for Arrest of the 15 Defendant Vessel and shall deliver it to the United States Marshal for the Southern District 16 of California for service. 17 3. Any person claiming an interest in the Defendant Vessel shall be entitled upon 18 request to a prompt hearing, at which Plaintiff shall be required to show why the arrest 19 should not be vacated or other relief granted consistent with the Supplemental Rules for 20 Certain Admiralty and Maritime Claims. 21 4. A copy of this Order is to be attached to and served with the Warrant for 22 Arrest. Plaintiff's counsel is further DIRECTED to serve by mail a copy of this Order to 23 the person(s) believed to be the owner(s) of the Defendant Vessel. 24 The Court additionally GRANTS Plaintiff’s Motion for appointment of a substitute 25 custodian as follows: 26 1. The U.S. Marshal is authorized and directed upon seizure of the Defendant 27 Vessel to surrender the possession of it to the substitute custodian named herein. Upon 28 such surrender, the Marshal will be discharged from the duties and responsibilities for the 1 || safekeeping of the Defendant Vessel and held harmless from and against any and all claims 2 || whatever arising out of the substituted possession and safekeeping. 3 2. National Maritime is appointed the substitute custodian of the Defendant 4 || Vessel, to retain her in its custody in her current slip location or another one at the Port of 5 ||San Diego for possession and safekeeping in accordance with the Declaration of Robert 6 || Toney (Doc. No. 2-1) and the recitals therein contained until further order of this Court. 7 3, Without a Court order, National Maritime shall not sell or transfer the 8 || Defendant Vessel, nor run the Defendant Vessel's engines or generators. 9 4. Except as directed by this Court or in case of emergency, National Maritime 10 |} will not release the Defendant Vessel to anyone or let anyone aboard her. 11 Finally, in light of the exigent circumstances of Plaintiff's request, the Court 12 || DEFERS ruling on Plaintiff's motion directing manner of notice. 13 IT IS SO ORDERED. 14 || Dated: November 18, 2024 ebut C Eh □□□□ 15 16 Hon. Robert S. Huie United States District Judge 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28