1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 SAM BENFORD, No. 2:24-cv-09604-JAK (JPRx) 11 Plaintiff, ORDER RE TO SHOW CAUSE RE: 12 SUPPLEMENTAL JURISDICTION v. OVER STATE-LAW CLAIMS 13

FRANK’S AUTO BODY & PAINT,

14 LLC, et al. 15 Defendants. 16 Based on a review of the Complaint (Dkt. 1), the following determinations are 17 made: 18 The Complaint alleges violations of the Americans with Disabilities Act, 42 19 U.S.C. §§ 12101 et seq. (the “ADA”), the Unruh Civil Rights Act (the “Unruh Act”), 20 Cal. Civ. Code §§ 51-53, and other provisions of California law. Supplemental 21 jurisdiction is the basis for the state-law claims. Dkt. 1 ¶ 7. 22 District courts may exercise “supplemental jurisdiction over all other claims that 23 are so related to claims in the action within such original jurisdiction that they form part 24 of the same case or controversy under Article III of the United States Constitution.” 28 25 U.S.C. § 1367(a). This “is a doctrine of discretion, not of plaintiff’s right.” United Mine 26 Workers v. Gibbs, 383 U.S. 715, 726 (1966). “In order to decide whether to exercise 27 1 jurisdiction over pendent state law claims, a district court should consider . . . at every 2 stage of the litigation, the values of judicial economy, convenience, fairness, and 3 comity.” Nishimoto v. Federman-Bachrach & Assocs., 903 F.2d 709, 715 (9th Cir. 1990) 4 (citation omitted). 5 In 2012, California imposed heightened pleading requirements for Unruh Act 6 claims. Cal. Civ. Code § 55.52(a)(1); Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 425.50(a). In 2015, 7 California also imposed a “high-frequency litigant fee” for plaintiffs and law firms that 8 have brought large numbers of construction-related accessibility claims. Cal. Gov’t Code 9 70616.5. As detailed in previous orders by this Court and other district courts in 10 California, these reforms addressed the small number of plaintiffs and counsel who bring 11 a significant percentage of construction-related accessibility claims. E.g., Whitaker v. 12 RCP Belmont Shore LLC, No. LA CV19-09561 JAK (JEMx), 2020 WL 3800449, at *6- 13 8 (Mar. 30, 2020); Garibay v. Rodriguez, No. 2:18-cv-09187-PA (AFMx), 2019 WL 14 5204294, at *1-6 (C.D. Cal. Aug. 27, 2019). These statutes impose special requirements 15 for construction-related accessibility claims brought by high-frequency plaintiffs 16 pursuant to the Unruh Act. Because accepting supplemental jurisdiction over such claims 17 would permit high-frequency plaintiffs to side-step those state-law requirements by 18 pursuing the claims in a federal forum, many district courts, including this one, have 19 declined to exercise such jurisdiction. E.g., Whitaker, 2020 WL 3800449, at *6-8; 20 Garibay, 2019 WL 5204294, at *1-6. 21 A review of the docket in this District shows that, in the one-year period preceding 22 the filing of the Complaint, Plaintiff has filed more than ten actions in which he has 23 advanced construction-related accessibility claims. In a California Superior Court, 24 Plaintiff would be deemed a high-frequency litigant. Therefore, “California’s recent 25 legislative enactments confirm that the state has a substantial interest in this case.” Perri 26 v. Thrifty Payless, No. 2:19-CV-07829-CJC (SKx), 2019 WL 7882068, at *2 (C.D. Cal. 27 Oct. 8, 2019). 1 In light of the foregoing, Plaintiff is ORDERED TO SHOW CAUSE why the 2 || Court should not decline to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the state-law claims. 3 Plaintiff shall file a response to this Order to Show Cause, not to exceed ten pages, on or 4 || before December 2, 2024. In responding to this Order to Show Cause, Plaintiff shall identify the amount of statutory damages Plaintiff seeks to recover. Plaintiff shall also 6 || present a declaration, signed under penalty of perjury, providing the evidence necessary 7 || for the Court to determine if Plaintiff meets the definition of a “high-frequency litigant” 8 || as defined in Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 425.50(b)(1) & (2). Failure to file a timely response 9 | to this Order to Show Cause may result in the dismissal of the state-law claims without prejudice by declining to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over them, pursuant to 28 11 || U.S.C. § 1367(c). Defendant may also file a response to this Order to Show Cause, not to 12 || exceed ten pages, on or before December 9, 2024. Upon receipt of the response(s), the 13 matter will be taken under submission, and a written order will issue. 14 15 16 | ITISSO ORDERED. 17 NW 18 || Dated: November 19, 2024 C} fre 19 John A. Kronstadt United States District Judge