1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 JONATHAN PALOMO, Case No.: 24cv1344-LL-BJC

12 Plaintiff,

ORDER SUA SPONTE DISMISSING

13 v. COMPLAINT WITHOUT

PREJUDICE AND DENYING AS

14 LOIS KOSCH, et al.,

MOOT ALL PENDING MOTIONS

15 Defendants. [ECF Nos. 2, 7, 18, 28] 16 17

18 On May 30, 2024, Plaintiff Jonathan Palomo filed a complaint against Defendants 19 Lois Kosch; Joseph Paller; Nicole Roysdon; Jeremy Abate; and Sedgwick Claims 20 Management Services, Inc. ECF No. 1-4. Before the Court are multiple motions to dismiss 21 the complaint, quash service of the summons and complaint, and hold oral argument. ECF 22 Nos. 2, 7, 18, 28. These matters are fully briefed, and the Court deems them suitable for 23 determination on the papers and without oral argument pursuant to Civil Local Rule 7.1. 24 For the reasons below, the Court sua sponte DISMISSES WITHOUT PREJUDICE the 25 complaint and DENIES AS MOOT all pending motions. 26 I. BACKGROUND 27 Plaintiff’s complaint lists thirty-two claims against Defendants: (1) Fraud; (2) Cal. 28 Civ. Codes §§ 51, 54, et seq.; (3) Cal. Gov. Code § 11135; (4) Disability Discrimination 1 (ADA and FEHA); (5) Bane Act; (6) Ralph Act; (7) Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code §§ 17200 et 2 seq.; (8) Intentional Interference with a Contractual Relationship; (9) Intentional 3 Interference with Prospective Economic Advantage; (10) Inducing Breach of Contract; 4 (11) Racial Discrimination, Retaliation, and Hostile Work Environment (42 U.S.C. § 1981 5 (all clauses) and FEHA (all clauses)); (12) 42 U.S.C. §§ 1981, 1982; (13) 42 U.S.C. 6 §§ 1985(2), 1985(3); (14) 42 U.S.C. § 1986, (15) IIED and NIED; (16) ADA Title II, III, 7 IV, and Rehabilitation Act Section 504; (17) Assault and Battery; (18) Race Discrimination 8 (FEHA and 1981); (19) Race Harassment and Hostile Work Environment (FEHA and 9 1981); (20) Failure to Prevent Discrimination, Harassment, and Retaliation (FEHA); 10 (21) Negligent Hiring, Supervision, and Retention; (22) Cal. Family Rights Act 11 Interference; (23) Cal. Family Rights Act Retaliation; (24) Failure to Interact (FEHA); 12 (25) Failure to Accommodate (FEHA); (26) Intrusion Upon Seclusion; (27) Larceny 13 (§§ 484, 496(a)(b)(c)); (28) Unjust Enrichment; (29) Defamation Per Se (Libel and 14 Slander); (30) Sex Harassment, Hostile Work Environment, Sex Discrimination (FEHA); 15 (31) Conversion; and (32) Civil Harassment (Cal. Civ. Code § 527.6). See ECF No. 1-4. 16 After removing this case, Defendants Kosch and Roysdon moved to dismiss the 17 complaint under Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 8, 9(b), 10 and 12(b)(6), which 18 Defendant Abate joined. See ECF No. 1, at 1, 3; ECF Nos. 2, 16. Defendant Sedgwick 19 Claims Management Services, Inc. moved to dismiss the complaint under Federal Rules of 20 Civil Procedure 12(b)(2) and (5). ECF No. 7. Finally, Defendant Paller, an AAA arbitrator 21 who previously dismissed one of Plaintiff’s cases with prejudice,1 moved to quash service 22 of the summons and complaint under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(5), for which 23

24 25 1 See Jonathan Palomo, Claimant, v. Best Buy Stores, L.P., Jeremy Abate, Fadi Ammouri, Ernest Colacion, Hakop Koushian, Dino Lucido And Damien P. Ada, Respondents, AAA 26 Case No. 01-22-0001-0908; ECF No. 18, at 4. Defendant Paller states that as part of his 27 ruling he found Plaintiff and Aasir Azzarmi, a known vexation litigant by the Central District of California, defrauded the tribunal by having Azzarmi pretend to be Plaintiff 28 1 he requested oral argument. ECF Nos. 18, 28. Plaintiff opposed the motions to dismiss and 2 quash, and Defendants replied. ECF Nos. 8, 9, 19, 20, 23–25, 27.2 3 II. LEGAL STANDARD 4 Complaints must include “a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the 5 pleader is entitled to relief” with allegations that are “simple, concise, and direct.” Fed. R. 6 Civ. P. 8(a)(2) & (d)(1); see also Ileto v. Glock, Inc., 349 F.3d 1191, 1199–1200 (9th Cir. 7 2003) (requiring Rule 12(b)(6) to “be read in conjunction with Rule 8”). In particular, the 8 complaint must give “fair notice of what the claim is and the grounds upon which it rests.” 9 Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555 (2007) (quotation marks, citation, and 10 alteration omitted). When “one cannot determine from the complaint who is being sued, 11 for what relief, and on what theory, with enough detail to guide discovery,” courts may 12 dismiss it. See McHenry v. Renne, 84 F.3d 1172, 1177–79 (9th Cir. 1996) (affirming district 13 court’s dismissal of complaint for failing to comply with Rule 8). Courts may “sua sponte 14 dismiss a complaint for failure to comply” with “Rule 8.” Long v. JP Morgan Chase Bank, 15 Nat. Ass’n, 848 F. Supp. 2d 1166, 1173 (D. Haw. 2012).3 16 17

18 19 2 Defendants Kosch, Roysdon, Sedgwick Claims Management Services, Inc., and Paller declare that they were not properly served with the summons and complaint, Defendant 20 Abate does not offer whether he was properly served, and only Defendants Kosch and 21 Roysdon waived service of process. See ECF No. 1, at 3; ECF No. 1-2. Defendant Sedgwick Claims Management Services, Inc. declares that it does not reside or have 22 persons authorized to accept service of process at the location Plaintiff purportedly effected 23 service. See ECF No. 7-1, at 3. Similarly, Defendant Paller declares that he was not at that purported service location, and that in a later attempt at a different location, Plaintiff simply 24 left the documents with the lobby’s security guard, who is not authorized to accept service 25 on his behalf. See ECF No. 18, at 4–5.

26 3 Plaintiff also obtained a fee waiver in state court, subjecting him to sua sponte screening 27 under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B). See ECF No. 2-14 (Order on Plaintiff’s Court Fee Waiver, Case No. 37-2024-00025343-CU-CR-CTL, dated May 31, 2024, in the Superior 28 1 When “the petitioner is pro se, particularly in civil rights cases,” courts are “to 2 construe the pleadings liberally” and “afford the petitioner the benefit of any doubt.” Hebbe 3 v. Pliler, 627 F.3d 338, 342 (9th Cir. 2010) (quotation marks omitted). Still, even under a 4 “liberal interpretation,” courts “may not supply elements of the claim that were not initially 5 pled.” See Ivey v. Bd. of Regents of the Univ. of Alaska, 673 F.2d 266, 268 (9th Cir. 1982). 6 “Nor is the court required to accept as true allegations that are merely conclusory, 7 unwarranted deductions of fact, or unreasonable inferences.” Sprewell v. Golden State 8 Warriors, 266 F.3d 979, 988 (9th Cir. 2001). 9 III. DISCUSSION 10 The Court first sua sponte considers whether Plaintiff has met the intelligibility 11 requirement for stating a claim for relief under Rule 8. Plaintiff’s complaint enumerates 12 thirty-two claims, some of which are actually multiple claims. See, e.g., ECF No. 1-4 at 7, 13 26 (alleging Claim 11 as “racial discrimination, retaliation, and hostile work environment” 14 under “42 U.S.C. § 1981 (all clauses)” and “FEHA (all clauses)”). The complaint has over 15 four hundred tiny, single-spaced paragraphs spread across thirty-five pages, often 16 appearing so small and clustered that the Court cannot make out the words. See, e.g., id. at 17 11–14, 23–41. 18 As best the Court can tell, the complaint arises from circumstances surrounding an 19 arbitration he lost against his former employer, Best Buy Stores, L.P. See generally id. 20 Defendants Kosch and Roysdon represented Best Buy Stores, L.P. and Defendant Abate, 21 Defendant Sedgwick Claims Management Services, Inc. was a third-party administrator 22 handling claims for its client, Best Buy Stores, L.P., and Defendant Paller was the AAA 23 arbitrator who dismissed Plaintiff’s case with prejudice. See generally id. Plaintiff alleges 24 that Defendants somehow conspired to and did defraud him out successfully arbitrating his 25 previous claims, which purportedly violated his rights. See, e.g., id. at 9 (“All defendants 26 compelled, coerced, aided, and/or abetted the discrimination, retaliation, and harassment 27 in this Complaint”); id. (“All defendants were responsible for the events and damages 28 alleged herein . . . defendants are the alter egos of one another”); id. at 14 (“[A]ll 1 Defendants” made “intentionally fraudulent statements of material facts, including but not 2 limited to accusing Plaintiff of committing criminal acts, and engaging in other types of 3 criminal impersonation and fraud”); id. at 30 (“[A]ll Defendants engaged in a conspiracy 4 to racially discriminate against Plaintiff for the purpose of depriving Plaintiff directly 5 and/or indirectly of the equal protection of the laws and/or equal privileges or immunities 6 under the laws”). 7 These and nearly all other pages are replete with repetitive conclusory allegations of 8 wrongdoing, verbose excerpts from various state and federal statutes, and protracted 9 digressions that appear to have little bearing on any legal claims Plaintiff may be asserting. 10 Plaintiff also attaches another thirty pages of rambling exhibits to his complaint, many of 11 which show Defendant Abate practicing a form of martial arts for some obscure reason. 12 See id. at 43–72. The Court therefore finds that Plaintiff has not complied with Rule 8’s 13 requirement to provide a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is 14 entitled to relief with allegations that are simple, concise, and direct. See United States ex 15 rel. Cafasso v. Gen. Dynamics C4 Sys., Inc., 637 F.3d 1047, 1059 (9th Cir. 2011) 16 (collecting cases upholding dismissals of complaints that were “verbose,” “confusing,” 17 “ambiguous,” “unintelligible,” “rambling,” “conclusory,” and “highly repetitious”); 18 Bourke v. City of San Diego, No. 14-cv-1047-BAS-RBB, 2015 WL 687092, at *3 (S.D. 19 Cal. Feb, 18, 2015) (dismissing the 33-page complaint under Rule 8 because it was “riddled 20 with ambiguous allegations that are confusing, redundant, and oftentimes seemingly 21 irrelevant”); Greenwood v. FAA, 28 F.3d 971, 977 (9th Cir. 1994) (“[J]udges are not like 22 pigs, hunting for truffles buried in briefs.”). 23 Moreover, all thirty-two enumerated claims have the phrase: “Plaintiff hereby re- 24 alleges and incorporates all other paragraphs as if fully stated herein.” See id. at 14–41. 25 Outside of part of the fourth claim which is alleged against Defendants Abate and 26 Sedgwick Claims Management Services, Inc. only, all other claims appear to be asserted 27 against all Defendants or does not specify against whom. See id. This type of pleading 28 complicates the Court’s—and more importantly Defendants’—efforts to understand which 1 || factual allegations support which claims, and against whom. The Court therefore further 2 || finds that Plaintiff has not complied with Rule 8’s requirement to provide fair notice of 3 || what his claim are, against whom, and the grounds upon which they rest. See Adobe Sys. 4 ||Inc. v. Blue Source Grp., Inc., 125 F. Supp. 3d 945, 964 (N.D. Cal. 2015) (“As a general 5 ||rule, when a pleading fails to allege what role each Defendant played in the alleged harm, 6 || this makes it exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, for individual Defendants to respond” 7 || (quotation marks omitted)); Gen—Probe, Inc. v. Amoco Corp., 926 F. Supp. 948, 961 (S.D. 8 ||Cal. 1996) (noting that “confusion of which claims apply to which defendants would 9 || require that the complaint be dismissed”); Gauvin v. Trombatore, 682 F. Supp. 1067, 1071 10 }/(N.D. Cal. 1988) (finding that when “all defendants are lumped together in a single, broad 11 |/allegation,” Rule 8’s requirement for “a short and plain statement of the claim to put 12 || defendants on sufficient notice of the allegations against them” is violated). 13 CONCLUSION 14 Accordingly, the Court sua sponte DISMISSES WITHOUT PREJUDICE 15 || Plaintiff's complaint and DENIES AS MOOT all pending motions. See Rosati v. Igbinoso, 16 || 791 F.3d 1037, 1039 (9th Cir. 2015) (“A district court should not dismiss a pro se complaint 17 || without leave to amend unless it is absolutely clear that the deficiencies of the complaint 18 could not be cured by amendment.” (quotation marks omitted)). 19 By January 6, 2025, Plaintiff may amend his complaint. Any amended complaint 20 be complete in itself without reference to superseded pleadings, and any claims not 21 ||realleged in an amended complaint will be considered “waived.” See Lacey v. Maricopa 22 || Cnty., 693 F.3d 896, 928 (9th Cir. 2012). 23 IT IS SO ORDERED. 24 ||Dated: December 4, 2024 NO 25 DE 26 Honorable Linda Lopez 57 United States District Judge 28