Wang

I. INTRODUCTION

Qingfen Wang (plaintiff) brought an action for negligence against the Pasadena Advanced Surgery Institute1 (PASI) and medical malpractice against Dr. Thomas Taylor (defendants) for injuries she suffered during a medical procedure. PASI filed a motion for summary judgment that Dr. Taylor joined (defendants’ summary judgment motion). The trial court granted defendants’ summary judgment motion and entered judgments in their favor. On appeal, plaintiff contends the court erred in excluding her evidence and there were triable issues of material fact concerning her causes of action. We affirm.

II. BACKGROUND

A. Plaintiff’s First Amended Complaint

On October 18, 2021, plaintiff filed her first amended complaint. She alleged she hired Dr. Taylor to perform abdominoplasty surgery on October 12, 2020, at PASI. When plaintiff awoke from the surgery, her right leg was bandaged and no one explained the nature of her injury or how it happened. Two weeks later, plaintiff returned to see Dr. Taylor. He told her she had suffered a minor injury on her thigh, but did not tell her what had happened. Later, Dr. Taylor gave plaintiff a medical report that stated that…