NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS DEC 17 2024

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

GREAT WESTERN AIR, LLC, DBA Cirrus No. 23-15157 Aviation Services, LLC, D.C. No. 2:16-cv-02656-DJA Plaintiff-counter- defendant-Appellee,

MEMORANDUM*

v.

CIRRUS DESIGN CORPORATION,

Defendant-counter-claimant- Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Nevada Daniel J. Albregts, Magistrate Judge, Presiding

Argued and Submitted November 5, 2024 Phoenix, Arizona

Before: HAWKINS, TASHIMA, and OWENS, Circuit Judges.

Cirrus Design Corporation, d/b/a Cirrus Aircraft (“Appellant”), appeals from

the district court’s order denying relief on Appellant’s claims of trademark

infringement and unfair competition under the Lanham Act, the Nevada Deceptive

Trade Practices Act, and common law. Appellant also appeals from the district

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. court’s decision granting Great Western Air’s (“Appellee”) motion to strike

Appellant’s demand for a jury trial. As the parties are familiar with the facts, we

do not recount them here. We affirm.

1. The district court did not err in granting Appellee’s motion to strike

Appellant’s jury demand. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 39(a)(2) (providing that a jury must

try all issues for which a jury demand has been made unless “the court, on motion

or on its own, finds that on some or all of those issues there is no federal right to a

jury trial”). In Fifty-Six Hope Road Music, Ltd. v. A.V.E.L.A., Inc., this court held

that the Seventh Amendment’s jury-trial right for “suits at common law” does not

apply to trademark claims seeking disgorgement of profits because those claims

are equitable, not legal, in nature. 778 F.3d 1059, 1074-76 (9th Cir. 2015).

Notwithstanding Sid & Marty Krofft TV Products v. McDonald’s Corp., 562 F.2d

1157 (9th Cir. 1977), overruled on other grounds by Skidmore v. Led Zeppelin, 952

F.3d 1051 (9th Cir. 2020), which dealt with the jury-trial right in the copyright

context, Fifty-Six Hope Road squarely governs this trademark case.

2. The district court did not err in concluding that Appellant’s claims failed

because Appellant did not establish a likelihood of consumer confusion. Appellant

principally contends that the district court improperly excluded certain types of

confusion from its analysis. See 15 U.S.C. § 1125(a)(1)(A) (providing that the

Lanham Act protects against “the use[] in commerce” of any mark “likely to cause

2 confusion, or to cause mistake, or to deceive as to the affiliation, connection, or

association . . . or as to the origin, sponsorship, or approval of [a person’s] goods,

services, or commercial activities by another person”). The district court

considered confusion as to (1) source or origin; (2) sponsorship; (3) association;

and (4) affiliation. This is not a case where the district court “assumed that

likelihood of confusion exists only when consumers are confused as to the source

of a product.” Brookfield Commc’ns, Inc. v. W. Coast Ent. Corp., 174 F.3d 1036,

1057 (9th Cir. 1999). Rather, the district court’s analysis accords with this court’s

understanding that the likelihood-of-confusion inquiry is a flexible one. See

Network Automation, Inc. v. Advanced Sys. Concepts, Inc., 638 F.3d 1137, 1145,

1147, 1149 (9th Cir. 2011).

Nor does the district court’s well-reasoned analysis of the likelihood-of-

confusion factors or its weighing of those factors evince clear error. See AMF, Inc.

v. Sleekcraft Boats, 599 F.2d 341, 348-49 (9th Cir. 1979) (laying out the trademark

infringement factors); Pom Wonderful LLC v. Hubbard, 775 F.3d 1118, 1123 (9th

Cir. 2014) (providing that this court reviews for clear error a district court’s

likelihood of confusion determination). As the district court correctly determined

that Appellant failed to carry its burden of proving its claims, the district court did

not err in denying Appellant injunctive relief.

AFFIRMED.

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