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8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

9 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

10 Case No.: 2:25-cv-02633-MEMF-DFM 11 OMAR LUNA,

12 Plaintiff, ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE WHY THE

COURT SHOULD NOT DECLINE TO

13 v. EXERCISE SUPPLEMENTAL

JURISDICTION OV ER PLAINTIFF’S

14 STATE LAW CLAIMS

LEMON ZEST CAFE INC.; QUANTUM

15 GRAPHICS, INC.; and DOES 1 to 10,

16 Defendants.

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20 On March 26, 2025, Luna filed a Complaint against Lemon Zest Cafe, Inc., Quantum

21 Graphics, Inc. and Does 1 to 10, asserting: (1) a claim for injunctive relief arising out of an alleged 22 violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”), 42 U.S.C. §§ 12010–12213; (2) a claim 23 for damages pursuant to California’s Unruh Civil Rights Act (“Unruh Act”), Cal. Civ. Code §§ 51– 24 52, et seq.; (3) a claim for damages pursuant to the California Disabled Persons Act, Cal. Civ. Code 25 §§ 54, et seq.; (4) a claim for damages and injunctive relief based on California Health and Safety 26 Code § 19955, et seq.; (5) a claim for damages for negligence. ECF No. 1. The Complaint alleges 27 that this Court has jurisdiction over the ADA claim pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1343, and 28 that the state law claims are brought “pursuant to pendant [sic] jurisdiction.” Id. at ¶¶ 6–7. 1 Principles of pendent jurisdiction have been codified in the supplemental jurisdiction statute,

2 28 U.S.C. § 1367. The supplemental jurisdiction statute “reflects the understanding that, when

3 deciding whether to exercise supplemental jurisdiction, ‘a federal court should consider and weigh in

4 each case, and at every stage of the litigation, the values of judicial economy, convenience, fairness,

5 and comity.’” City of Chicago v. Int’l Coll. of Surgeons, 522 U.S. 156, 173 (1997) (emphasis added)

6 (quoting Carnegie-Mellon Univ. v. Cohill, 484 U.S. 343, 350 (1988)).

7 California law sets forth a heightened pleading standard for a limited group of lawsuits

8 brought under the Unruh Act. See Cal. Civ. Proc. Code §§ 425.55(a)(2) & (3). The stricter pleading

9 standard requires certain plaintiffs bringing construction-access claims like the one in the instant

10 case to file a verified complaint alleging specific facts concerning the plaintiff’s claim, including the

11 specific barriers encountered or how the plaintiff was deterred and each date on which the plaintiff

12 encountered each barrier or was deterred. See Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 425.50(a). A “high-frequency

13 litigant fee” is also imposed on certain plaintiffs and law firms bringing these claims. See Cal. Gov’t

14 Code § 70616.5. A “high-frequency litigant” is “a plaintiff who has filed 10 or more complaints

15 alleging a construction-related accessibility violation within the 12-month period immediately

16 preceding the filing of the current complaint alleging a construction-related accessibility violation”

17 and “an attorney who has represented as attorney of record 10 or more high-frequency litigant

18 plaintiffs in actions that were resolved within the 12-month period immediately preceding the filing

19 of the current complaint alleging a construction-related accessibility violation.” Cal. Civ. Proc. Code

20 §§ 425.55(b)(1) & (2). High frequency litigants are also required to state: (1) whether the complaint

21 is filed by, or on behalf of, a high-frequency litigant; (2) in the case of a high-frequency litigant who 22 is a plaintiff, the number of complaints alleging construction-related accessibility claim filed by the 23 high-frequency litigant during the 12 months prior to filing the instant complaint; (3) the reason the 24 individual was in the geographic area of the defendant’s business; and (4) the reason why the 25 individual desired to access the defendant’s business.” See id. § 425.50(a)(4)(A). 26 In light of the foregoing, the Court orders Luna to show cause in writing why the Court 27 should exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the Unruh Act claim, the California Disabled Persons 28 1 ]| Act claim, the California Health and Safety Code claim, and the negligence claim. See 28 U.S.C. § 2 | 1367(c). In responding to this Order to Show Cause: 3 1. Luna shall identify the amount of statutory damages Luna seeks to recover. 4 2. Luna and Luna’s counsel shall also support their responses to the Order to Show Cause with 5 declarations, signed under penalty of perjury, providing all facts necessary for the Court to 6 determine if they satisfy the definition of a “high-frequency litigant” as provided by 7 California Code of Civil Procedure §§ 425.55(b)(1) & (2). This includes, but is not limited 8 to: 9 a. the number of construction-related accessibility claims filed by Luna in the twelve 10 months preceding the filing of the present claim; and 11 b. the number of construction-related accessibility claims in which Luna’s counsel has 12 represented high-frequency litigant plaintiffs in the twelve months preceding the 13 filing of the present claim. 14 Luna shall file a Response to this Order to Show Cause by no later than fourteen days from 15 || the date of this order. The failure to timely or adequately respond to this Order to Show Cause may, 16 || without further warning, result in the Court declining to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the 17 | Unruh Act claim, the California Disabled Persons Act claim, the California Health and Safety Code 18 || claim, and the negligence claim pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1367(c). 19 20 IT IS SO ORDERED. 21 22 Mf 23 Dated: March 27, 2025 24 MAAME EWUSI-MENSAH FRIMPONG 25 United States District Judge 26 27 28