Ruffin

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 SIMONE RUFFIN, Case No.: 24-cv-02242-CAB-MSB

Plaintiff,

ORDER GRANTING MOTION TO

v. DISMISS

JAMS, INC. et al, [Doc. No. 4.] Defendants. 16 On December 12, 2024, Plaintiff filed a complaint against Defendant JAMS, Inc. and several individual Defendants, including a retired judge. [See Compl.] Plaintiff is proceeding pro se, and the Court must construe the complaint liberally. See Hebbe v. Pliler, 627 F.3d 338, 342 (9th Cir. 2010). As it relates to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(1), “subject-matter jurisdiction, because it involves a court’s power to hear a case, can never be forfeited or waived.” United States v. Cotton, 535 U.S. 625, 630 (2002). This threshold requirement “‘spring[s] from the nature and limits of the judicial power of the United States’ and is ‘inflexible and without exception.’” Steel Co. v. Citizens for a Better Env’t, 523 U.S. 83, 94–95 (1998) (quoting Mansfield, C. &…