Dennis Boyle v. Sweepsteaks Limited
Opinion
Trial Court Opinion
I. BACKGROUND
Boyle filed a Complaint in Orange County Superior Court, seeking public injunctive relief to discontinue Sweepsteaks’s allegedly illegal online gambling website, Stake.us. (Compl. Dkt. No. 1, Ex. A41.) Boyle alleges Sweepsteaks violated (1) California’s Unfair Competition Law, Bus. & Prof. Code § 17200, et seq. (“UCL”); and (2) California’s Consumer Legal Remedies Act, Civ. Code §§ 1750, et seq. (“CLRA”). (Id. 37-69.) Sweepsteaks, a foreign company incorporated in Cyprus, received the Complaint on January 15, 2025, and filed a notice of removal pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1446(d) on February 14, 2025. (Notice of Removal, Dkt. No. 1.)
II. LEGAL STANDARD
Under 28 US.C. § 1441 (a), a defendant may remove a civil action from state court to federal court if the parties could have originally filed the case in federal court. City of Chicago v. Int’] Coll. of Surgeons, 522 U.S. 156, 163, (1997). Where removal is based on diversity, (1) the citizenship of the plaintiff must differ from the citizenship of all