Gold

I. BACKGROUND

A. Factual History Before his death, Ari Gold was criminally prosecuted for assault and brandishing a weapon at a peace officer, as further detailed in the procedural history section below. At that trial, Gold testified that on July 23, 2019, he had smoked methamphetamine at an apartment with friends and had an unusually bad reaction, leading him to believe that something was trying to kill him and his family. (MSJ Ex. D at 1915–16.) In his frenzy, Gold ran out of his friend’s apartment, stole a truck, ran a stop sign and hit a parked car, and drove to the home of his grandmother. (Id. at 1917, 1922, 1923.) Upon entering the home, Gold grabbed a gun and walked to the master bathroom, which consists of a jacuzzi suite and a smaller bathroom with a shower and toilet. (Id. at 1927, 1932.)

1 The exhibits submitted with Defendants’ motion for summary judgment shall be referred to by “MSJ Ex.” and their corresponding exhibit letter as assigned in Docket Number 52. The exhibits submitted with Plaintiff’s Opposition to the Motion for Summary Judgment shall be referred to as “Opp. Ex.” and their corresponding exhibit number as assigned in Docket Number 54. Page…