NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS AUG 26 2025

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

GERARDO REYES-CISNEROS, No. 24-5526 Agency No. Petitioner, A205-763-475 v.

MEMORANDUM*

PAMELA BONDI, Attorney General,

Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted August 19, 2025** Pasadena, California

Before: HIGGINSON, BENNETT, and SUNG, Circuit Judges.***

Petitioner Gerardo Reyes-Cisneros, a native and citizen of Mexico, seeks

review of an order by the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) affirming the

decision of the Immigration Judge (“IJ”) denying his application for deferral of

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). *** The Honorable Stephen A. Higginson, United States Circuit Judge for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, sitting by designation. removal under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We have jurisdiction

under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review issues of law regarding CAT claims de novo and

underlying factual findings for substantial evidence. Velasquez-Samayoa v.

Garland, 49 F.4th 1149, 1154 (9th Cir. 2022). We deny the petition.

1. Petitioner argues that the BIA should have remanded for the IJ to

identify which parts of Dr. Alfonso Gonzales’s expert testimony were affected by

bias and for the IJ to reevaluate the testimony without relying on extra-record

evidence underlying the finding of bias. Because the BIA did not rely on the IJ’s

bias finding, the BIA did not err in declining to remand on this basis. Rather, the

BIA affirmed the IJ’s alternate finding that one of Dr. Gonzales’s specific

opinions—that widespread corruption within Mexican law enforcement means “it is

reasonable to presume that Mr. Reyes-Cisneros’ return to Mexico will alert Mexican

authorities which will likely lead to his being possibly being turned over to the

cartels or . . . corrupt officers”—was “predictive,” “sweeping,” and not

“significant[ly] probative.”

2. Petitioner also argues that the agency1 erred in rejecting Dr. Gonzales’s

testimony based on a misrepresentation of the record and without sufficient

explanation. It is error for the BIA to fail to consider all the evidence before it—

whether by “misstating the record” or rejecting “highly probative or potentially

1 For simplicity, we refer to the BIA and the IJ collectively as “the agency.”

2 24-5526 dispositive” expert testimony without stating “why the testimony was insufficient to

establish the probability of torture.” Castillo v. Barr, 980 F.3d 1278, 1283 (9th Cir.

2020) (quoting Cole v. Holder, 659 F.3d 762, 772 (9th Cir. 2011)).

But contrary to Petitioner’s assertion, the BIA did not misrepresent Dr.

Gonzales’s opinion in focusing on his use of “possibly.” And the agency adequately

explained why Dr. Gonzales’s testimony did not show that Petitioner would more

likely than not be tortured. See Medina-Rodriguez v. Barr, 979 F.3d 738, 750–51

(9th Cir. 2020) (holding when a CAT claim “relies on a series of events, all of which

must happen for torture to occur,” the evidence must show each “step in this

hypothetical chain of events is more likely than not to happen” (quoting In re J-F-

F-, 23 I. & N. Dec. 912, 917–18 (A.G. 2006))).

The agency also did not improperly reject Dr. Gonzales’s testimony about

Petitioner’s inability to avoid harm by relocating within Mexico or Petitioner’s

likelihood of torture by Mexican government officials. Petitioner cites statements

in Dr. Gonzales’s declaration that the “reach of regional criminal organizations,

including the [Sinaloa Cartel,] spans throughout the entire country,” and that

Petitioner as a criminal deportee “will likely be targeted by Mexican officials.” Even

if this general testimony were probative, the agency explained why the record failed

to establish Petitioner’s particularized threat of torture in other areas of Mexico or at

the hands of law enforcement officials. See Garland v. Dai, 593 U.S. 357, 373

3 24-5526 (2021) (“[E]ven credible testimony may be outweighed by other more persuasive

evidence or be insufficient to satisfy the burden of proof.”).

PETITION DENIED.2

2 The temporary stay of removal remains in place until the mandate issues. The motion to stay removal, Dkt. No. 3, is otherwise denied.

4 24-5526