1 2 3 4 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 5 NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 6 7 8 In re: Case No. 25-cv-06026-HSG

9 PG&E CORPORATION, et al., ORDER DENYING MOTION TO

TRANSFER ADVERSARY

10 Debtors. PROCEEDING 11 Re: Dkt. No. 1 12

13 WILLIAM B. ABRAMS, 14 Plaintiff, 15 v.

16 PG&E CORPORATION, et al., 17 Defendants.

18 19 Pending before the Court is a motion filed by pro se Plaintiff William B. Abrams to 20 transfer his adversary proceeding from Bankruptcy Judge Dennis Montali to another judge within 21 the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Northern District of California. See Dkt. No. 1. For 22 the reasons detailed below, the Court DENIES the motion. 23 I. BACKGROUND 24 Plaintiff initially filed the adversary proceeding in June 2025 against PG&E Corporation 25 and Pacific Gas and Electric Company (collectively, “PG&E”), the Fire Victim Trust, and the 26 Trust’s oversight committee and current and former trustees. See Dkt. No. 1-5. Plaintiff alleges 27 that the Fire Victim Trust, which was created as part of the confirmed bankruptcy Plan, suffers 1 generally Dkt. No. 1-4, Ex. A. Plaintiff contends that as a result, he and other fire victims have 2 been undercompensated for their losses. Id. Although styled as a motion to transfer the adversary 3 proceeding to another judge, Plaintiff’s pending motion relies on 28 U.S.C. § 157(d), the statute 4 governing a district court’s authority to withdraw the reference of a proceeding to bankruptcy 5 court. 6 II. LEGAL STANDARD 7 District courts have “original but not exclusive jurisdiction” over all bankruptcy 8 proceedings. See 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b). Such proceedings fall into one of two categories: “core 9 proceedings, in which the bankruptcy court may enter appropriate orders and judgments,” and 10 “non-core proceedings, which the bankruptcy court may hear but for which it may only submit 11 proposed findings of fact and conclusions of law to the district court for de novo review.” Sec. 12 Farms v. Int’l Bhd. of Teamsters, Chauffers, Warehousemen & Helpers, 124 F.3d 999, 1008 (9th 13 Cir. 1997) (quoting 28 U.S.C. § 157). “Actions that do not depend on bankruptcy laws for their 14 existence and that could proceed in another court are considered ‘non-core.’” Id. 15 In the Northern District of California, all bankruptcy cases are automatically referred to the 16 bankruptcy court. See B.L.R. 5011-1(a) (referring all bankruptcy cases in the Northern District of 17 California to its bankruptcy court); see also 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) (“Each district court may provide 18 that any or all cases under title 11 and any or all proceedings arising under title 11 or arising in or 19 related to a case under title 11 shall be referred to the bankruptcy judges for the district.”). On a 20 timely motion, however, any party may seek to withdraw that reference under 28 U.S.C. § 157(d). 21 Under Section 157(d):

22 The district court may withdraw, in whole or in part, any case or proceeding referred under this section, on its own motion or on timely 23 motion of any party, for cause shown. The district court shall, on timely motion of a party, so withdraw a proceeding if the court 24 determines that resolution of the proceeding requires consideration of both title 11 and other laws of the United States regulating 25 organizations or activities affecting interstate commerce. 26 27 The statute creates two bases for withdrawal: mandatory and permissive. Under either, “[t]he 1 withdrawn.” In re Heller Ehrman LLP, 464 B.R. 348, 351–32 (N.D. Cal. 2011) (citing In re 2 Larry’s Apartment, LLC, 210 B.R. 469, 472 (Bankr. D. Ariz. 1997)). 3 Withdrawal is mandatory where “resolution of the proceeding requires consideration of 4 both title 11 and other laws of the United States regulating organizations or activities affecting 5 interstate commerce.” 28 U.S.C. § 157(d). “Overwhelmingly courts and commentators agree that 6 the mandatory withdrawal provision cannot be given its broadest literal reading, for sending every 7 proceeding that required passing ‘consideration’ of non-bankruptcy law back to the district court 8 would eviscerate much of the work of the bankruptcy courts.” In re Vicars Ins. Agency, Inc., 96 9 F.3d 949, 952 (7th Cir. 1996) (quotation omitted). Courts in the Ninth Circuit have concluded that 10 withdrawal is mandatory under Section 157(d) “when [non-title 11] issues require the 11 interpretation, as opposed to mere application, of the non-title 11 statute, or when the court must 12 undertake analysis of significant open and unresolved issues regarding the non-title 11 law.” See 13 In re Tamalpais Bancorp, 451 B.R. 6, 8–9 (N.D. Cal. 2011). Under this approach, the moving 14 party “must do more than merely suggest that novel issues of law could possibly arise in a 15 bankruptcy proceeding.” Id. 16 Withdrawal is permissive “for cause shown.” 28 U.S.C. § 157(d). “In determining 17 whether cause exists, a district court should consider the efficient use of judicial resources, delay 18 and costs to the parties, uniformity of bankruptcy administration, the prevention of forum 19 shopping, and other related factors.” Sec. Farms, 124 F.3d 1008. 20 III. DISCUSSION 21 Despite citing § 157(d), Plaintiff makes no effort to explain why either mandatory or 22 permissive withdrawal is appropriate here. And the Court finds that Plaintiff has not met his 23 burden of establishing that withdrawing the reference is appropriate. The adversary proceeding 24 will not require the interpretation—rather than application—of non-bankruptcy laws, and 25 permissive withdrawal would be an inefficient use of judicial resources, and would harm the 26 uniformity of bankruptcy administration. 27 In his reply brief, Plaintiff appears to criticize Defendants and Judge Montali for 1 Plaintiff urges that it is necessary to reassign the adversary proceeding to another judge to 2 || “preserve the appearance of impartiality.” See Dkt. No. 1-1 at 3. Specifically, Plaintiff suggests 3 that because he raises concerns about how the Plan was confirmed and conduct that has occurred 4 || in the years since then, it would be problematic for Judge Montali—who confirmed the Plan—to 5 oversee his case. See id. at 5—6. Plaintiff also appears to reiterate allegations that he raised in a 6 || motion to recuse Judge Montali back in 2022.' Plaintiff states that he “accepts” Judge Montali’s 7 || denial of the prior recusal motion and “does not seek reconsideration or further recusal at this 8 time.” Dkt. No. 1-1 at 3. However, Plaintiff suggests that Judge Montali is somehow biased 9 || based on professional relationships with attorneys and parties in the bankruptcy case and that he 10 || has “prejudged” the adversary proceeding. See, e.g., Dkt. No. 5 at 7-11; Dkt. No. 8 at 2. Having 11 reviewed the materials in detail, the Court is simply not persuaded. At bottom, Plaintiff appears to 12 || disagree with Judge Montali’s prior rulings and would prefer that another judge hear his case. 5 13 This is not a proper basis for withdrawal of reference or even transfer to another judge (assuming 14 || the Court had such authority). 15 || Iv. CONCLUSION 16 Plaintiff DENIES the pending motion to transfer the adversary proceeding, Dkt. No. 1, and 3 17 TERMINATES AS MOOT the emergency motion to stay the adversary proceeding, Dkt. No. 6. 18 || The Clerk is directed to close the case. 19 IT IS SO ORDERED. 20 || Dated: 8/26/2025 21 Asipord 5 bbl

HAYWOOD S. GILLIAM, JR.

United States District Judge 23 24 25 26 27 28 Plaintiff previously sought to recuse Judge Montali in November 2022 under 28 U.S.C. § 455(a), which Judge Montali denied. See Dkt. No. 4-1, Exs. D-E.