1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

9 CENTRAL DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

10 Case No.: 8:25-cv-01667-MEMF-JDE 11 JULIO CRUZ,

12 Plaintiff, ORDER TO SHOW CAUSE WHY THE

COURT SHOULD NOT DECLINE TO

13 v. EXERCISE SUPPLEMENTAL

JURISDICTION OV ER PLAINTIFF’S

14 STATE LAW CLAIMS

SON THAHN LE, AS TRUSTEE OF THE

15 SON THANH LE AND VAN HUONG THI

16 NGUYEN TRUST; and DOES 1 to 10,

Defendants. 17

18

19

20 On July 30, 2025, Plaintiff Julio Cruz (“Cruz”) filed a Complaint against Defendants Son

21 Thahn Le; and Does 1 to 10 (together with Son Thahn Le, “Defendants”), asserting: (1) a claim for 22 injunctive relief arising out of an alleged violation of the Americans with Disabilities Act (“ADA”), 23 42 U.S.C. §§ 12010–12213; (2) a claim for damages pursuant to California’s Unruh Civil Rights Act 24 (“Unruh Act”), Cal. Civ. Code §§ 51–52, et seq.; (3) a claim for damages pursuant to the California 25 Disabled Persons Act, Cal. Civ. Code §§ 54, et seq.; (4) a claim for damages and injunctive relief 26 based on California Health and Safety Code § 19955, et seq.; (5) a claim for damages for negligence. 27 ECF No. 1. The Complaint alleges that this Court has jurisdiction over the ADA claim pursuant to 28 1 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1343, and that the state law claims are brought “pursuant to pendant [sic]

2 jurisdiction.” Id. at ¶¶ 6–7.

3 Principles of pendent jurisdiction have been codified in the supplemental jurisdiction statute,

4 28 U.S.C. § 1367. The supplemental jurisdiction statute “reflects the understanding that, when

5 deciding whether to exercise supplemental jurisdiction, ‘a federal court should consider and weigh in

6 each case, and at every stage of the litigation, the values of judicial economy, convenience, fairness,

7 and comity.’” City of Chicago v. Int’l Coll. of Surgeons, 522 U.S. 156, 173 (1997) (emphasis added)

8 (quoting Carnegie-Mellon Univ. v. Cohill, 484 U.S. 343, 350 (1988)).

9 California law sets forth a heightened pleading standard for a limited group of lawsuits

10 brought under the Unruh Act. See Cal. Civ. Proc. Code §§ 425.55(a)(2) & (3). The stricter pleading

11 standard requires certain plaintiffs bringing construction-access claims like the one in the instant

12 case to file a verified complaint alleging specific facts concerning the plaintiff’s claim, including the

13 specific barriers encountered or how the plaintiff was deterred and each date on which the plaintiff

14 encountered each barrier or was deterred. See Cal. Civ. Proc. Code § 425.50(a). A “high-frequency

15 litigant fee” is also imposed on certain plaintiffs and law firms bringing these claims. See Cal. Gov’t

16 Code § 70616.5. A “high-frequency litigant” is “a plaintiff who has filed 10 or more complaints

17 alleging a construction-related accessibility violation within the 12-month period immediately

18 preceding the filing of the current complaint alleging a construction-related accessibility violation”

19 and “an attorney who has represented as attorney of record 10 or more high-frequency litigant

20 plaintiffs in actions that were resolved within the 12-month period immediately preceding the filing

21 of the current complaint alleging a construction-related accessibility violation.” Cal. Civ. Proc. Code 22 §§ 425.55(b)(1) & (2). High frequency litigants are also required to state: (1) whether the complaint 23 is filed by, or on behalf of, a high-frequency litigant; (2) in the case of a high-frequency litigant who 24 is a plaintiff, the number of complaints alleging construction-related accessibility claim filed by the 25 high-frequency litigant during the 12 months prior to filing the instant complaint; (3) the reason the 26 individual was in the geographic area of the defendant’s business; and (4) the reason why the 27 individual desired to access the defendant’s business.” See id. § 425.50(a)(4)(A). 28 l In light of the foregoing, the Court orders Cruz to show cause in writing why the Court 2 | should exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the Unruh Act claim, the California Disabled Persons 3 || Act claim, the California Health and Safety Code claim, and the negligence claim. See 28 U.S.C. § 4 | 1367(c). In responding to this Order to Show Cause: 5 1. Cruz shall identify the amount of statutory damages Cruz seeks to recover. 6 2. Cruz and Cruz’s counsel shall also support their responses to the Order to Show Cause with 7 declarations, signed under penalty of perjury, providing all facts necessary for the Court to 8 determine if they satisfy the definition of a “high-frequency litigant” as provided by 9 California Code of Civil Procedure §§ 425.55(b)(1) & (2). This includes, but is not limited 10 to: 11 a. the number of construction-related accessibility claims filed by Cruz in the twelve 12 months preceding the filing of the present claim; and 13 b. the number of construction-related accessibility claims in which Cruz’s counsel has 14 represented high-frequency litigant plaintiffs in the twelve months preceding the 15 filing of the present claim. 16 Cruz shall file a Response to this Order to Show Cause by no later than fourteen days from 17 || the date of this order. The failure to timely or adequately respond to this Order to Show Cause may, 18 || without further warning, result in the Court declining to exercise supplemental jurisdiction over the 19 | Unruh Act claim, the California Disabled Persons Act claim, the California Health and Safety Code 20 || claim, and the negligence claim pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1367(c). 21 22 IT IS SO ORDERED. 23 24 Af 25 | Dated: September 5, 2025 26 MAAME EWUSI-MENSAH FRIMPONG 27 United States District Judge 28