NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS OCT 8 2025

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

VENTURA GUILLEN-HERNANDEZ, No. 16-73263 Agency No. Petitioner, A026-640-013 v. MEMORANDUM*

PAMELA BONDI, Attorney General,

Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted October 6, 2025** Pasadena, California

Before: GILMAN, GOULD and KOH, Circuit Judges.***

Petitioner Ventura Guillen-Hernandez (“Guillen-Hernandez”) petitions our

Court to reverse the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) order denying his

Motion to Reopen (“MTR”) his final deportation order. As an initial matter, Guillen-

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). *** The Honorable Ronald Lee Gilman, United States Circuit Judge for the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit, sitting by designation. Hernandez argues his otherwise time- and number-barred MTR is excepted from

those bars on the basis of changed country conditions. Guillen-Hernandez then

asserts that the BIA erred by ruling his failure to articulate the political opinion or

imputed political opinion for which his siblings were targeted foreclosed a well-

founded fear of persecution based on other grounds. Guillen-Hernandez also asserts

that the BIA erred in ruling that the evidence he presented failed to establish prima

facie eligibility for asylum. Guillen-Hernandez finally makes due process claims,

one against the BIA in this case, and one—raised for the first time in this appeal—

against the immigration judge (“IJ”) in his 1987 deportation hearing. We have

jurisdiction pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252 and dismiss the appeal as time and number

barred.

Guillen-Hernandez’s MTR is time and number barred. Motions to reopen

must be filed within ninety days of the date upon which the final administrative

decision was made. 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(2). Petitioners may file only one motion

to reopen. Id. Motions based on changed country conditions, however, are excepted

from these general time and number bars. § 1003.2(c)(3)(ii). To qualify for the

exception, the petitioner’s evidence must (1) be material, (2) not have been available,

and (3) not have been previously discoverable or presented at the previous hearing.

Id. “[C]onditions relevant to the petitioner [must] have materially changed in the

country of removal since the date of the prior order of removal.” See Rodriguez v.

2 24-7303 Garland, 990 F.3d 1205, 1207 (9th Cir. 2021) (emphasis added). “The critical

question is . . . whether circumstances have changed sufficiently that a petitioner

who previously did not have a legitimate claim for asylum, now has a well-founded

fear of future persecution.” Malty v. Ashcroft, 381 F.3d 942, 945 (9th Cir. 2004).

Although Guillen-Hernandez could not have discovered and did not have

available to him the evidence proffered in his MTR, his proffered evidence is not

material because it does not affect the validity of his claims. His MTR accordingly

does not qualify for the changed country conditions exception to the bar on untimely

and subsequent MTRs. His proffered evidence that El Salvador has become more

violent and that his family members have been the victims of gang violence contains

no information regarding the basis upon which his family has been targeted or

whether his persecutors are government officials or those that the government is

unwilling or unable to control. See Parussimova v. Mukasey, 555 F.3d 734, 741 (9th

Cir. 2009) (protected group requirement); Avetovo-Elisseva v. INS, 213 F.3d 1192,

1196 (9th Cir. 2000) (government officials requirement). Without information that

the government is unwilling or unable to control gang violence in El Salvador, we

cannot say “circumstances have changed sufficiently that [Guillen-Hernandez] who

previously did not have a legitimate claim for asylum, now has a well-founded fear

of future persecution.” Malty, 381 F.3d at 945. Also, Guillen-Hernandez did not

include a Form I-589 with either of his MTRs, and that failure to attach Form I-589

3 24-7303 contravenes 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c)(1)’s requirement to include “the appropriate

application for relief” with an MTR. Guillen-Hernandez’s argument for having not

included a Form I-589 is unconvincing.

For similar reasons, the BIA did not err in ruling that Guillen-Hernandez’s

evidence does not set forth prima facie eligibility for asylum. To reopen a final

administrative decision, the petitioner must show prima facie eligibility for the

underlying relief requested. See Tzompantzi-Salazar v. Garland, 32 F.4th 696, 703

(9th Cir. 2022). “Prima facie eligibility for relief is established when the evidence

reveals a reasonable likelihood that the statutory requirements for relief have been

satisfied.” Sarkar v. Garland, 39 F.4th 611, 622 (9th Cir. 2022) (cleaned up). The

“burden of proof is on the applicant to establish” refugee status based on

“persecution or a well-founded fear of persecution on account of race, religion,

nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.” 8 U.S.C.

§ 1158(b)(1)(B)(i); 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42). The applicant must show that

membership in a protected class “was or will be at least one central reason” the

applicant will be persecuted. See Parussimova, 555 F.3d at 740 (emphasis added)

(quoting 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(i)).

Contrary to Guillen-Hernandez’s contention that the BIA determined that

persecution on another protected ground was foreclosed by his failure to articulate

the actual or imputed political opinion for which his siblings were targeted, the BIA

4 24-7303 merely concluded there was insufficient evidence of targeting based upon any other

protected ground. Guillen-Hernandez has not met his burden of proof to establish

refugee status because he does not show a nexus between attacks on his family and

a protected group, his inclusion in that protected group, or the official actions of the

Salvadoran government. The BIA did not abuse its discretion by denying Guillen-

Hernandez’s motion on that basis. See Lopez-Vasquez v. Holder, 706 F.3d 1072,

1078 (9th Cir. 2013) (stating a BIA denial of a motion to reopen is reviewed for

abuse of discretion). 1 We do not address the BIA’s determination that Guillen-

Hernandez failed to establish a prima facie case for Convention Against Torture

(“CAT”) protection because Guillen-Hernandez does not challenge that

determination rejecting CAT relief in his opening brief in this appeal. See, e.g.,

Hernandez v. Garland, 47 F.4th 908, 916 (9th Cir. 2022) (holding that issues not

“specifically and distinctly” argued in an opening brief may be deemed waived).

This Court would have jurisdiction to entertain Guillen-Hernandez’s due

process claims if his MTR were not time and number barred, but those claims are

without merit in any event. Guillen-Hernandez’s failure to raise his due process

argument against the IJ in 1987 does not preclude our review. See Santos-Zacaria

1 Guillen-Hernandez fails to qualify for withholding of removal for the same reasons. See 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(A); INS v. Cardoza-Fonseca, 480 U.S. 421, 430– 32 (1987) (indicating overlapping standards between asylum and withholding of removal).

5 24-7303 v. Garland, 598 U.S. 411, 423 (2023) (holding that the § 1252(d)(1) exhaustion

requirement is not jurisdictional and is subject to waiver). His due process claim

that the BIA did not review all the evidence in front of it is conclusory and

unsupported by the record.

Guillen-Hernandez’s due process claim that the IJ in 1987 did not

“scrupulously and conscientiously probe into, inquire of, and explore for all the

relevant facts” likewise fails. Agyeman v. INS, 296 F.3d 871, 877 (9th Cir. 2002)

(internal quotation marks and citation omitted), The IJ gave Guillen-Hernandez a

“reasonable opportunity to examine the evidence against” him and “to present

evidence on [his] own behalf” under 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(b)(4)(B) in asking Guillen-

Hernandez whether he had evidence in his defense and whether he feared returning

to El Salvador. Guillen-Hernandez’s unequivocal response in the negative

establishes that the IJ developed the record sufficiently to determine Guillen-

Hernandez did not fear persecution in El Salvador. See Jacinto v. INS, 208 F.3d 725,

732–33 (9th Cir. 2000). Guillen-Hernandez also offered little evidence that any

violation would have been prejudicial. See Ibarra-Flores v. Gonzales, 439 F.3d 614,

620–21 (9th Cir. 2006). Guillen-Hernandez contends speculatively only that further

IJ probing would have prompted him to mention his fear of El Salvador’s “political

problems,” an argument the BIA concluded, on direct appeal, did not entitle him to

asylum.

6 24-7303 Even if his MTR were not barred, Guillen-Hernandez’s asylum claims are

without merit, and the BIA did not abuse its discretion in denying his motion.

Guillen-Hernandez’s MTR is time and number barred. Guillen-Hernandez’s appeal

fails.

PETITION FOR REVIEW DENIED.

7 24-7303