Wofford

I. INTRODUCTION

19 The six Petitioners in this case are all female asylum seekers from Central and South 20 American nations who, after brief periods of detention following arrival in this country, were 21 released on their own recognizance into the United States. All of them were recently re-detained 22 without prior notice. Briefly, here are their stories: 23 Marianela Leon Espinoza is a 24-year-old native and citizen of Peru who entered the 24 United States without inspection on or about July 11, 2022. (Respondents’ Appendix (RA), Doc. 25 11-1, 013 ¶¶ 4–51). A few weeks later, on July 21, 2022, Marianela2 was released on her own 26

27 1 For ease of reference, the Court will use the Bates numbers affixed to Respondents’ Appendix when referencing documents therein. 28 1 recognizance. (Id., ¶ 6 (referencing Form I-220A).) At some point, she applied for asylum. (Doc. 2 2, ¶ 6.) Before her re-arrest, Marianela lived in Oakland, California. (Id.) It is undisputed that she 3 has no criminal history. (See id.) On July 18, 2025, Marianela appeared for a Master Calendar 4 Hearing before the San Francisco Immigration Court. (Id.) At that hearing, U.S. Immigration and 5 Customs…