Bonar

I. Background

On November 19, 2024, Plaintiffs initiated this action by filing a Complaint against 24 Defendant William Ian Martin Bonar (“William Bonar”) and others. (ECF No. 1.) 25 On December 30, 2024, all Defendants except William Bonar specially appeared to 26 file Motions to Dismiss for lack of personal jurisdiction pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil 27 28 1 1 Procedure 12(b)(2). (ECF Nos. 6–9.) On July 16, 2025, the Court issued an Order 2 dismissing the specially appearing Defendants for lack of personal jurisdiction. (ECF No. 3 29.) 4 On August 1, 2025, William Bonar filed an Answer to the Complaint. (ECF No. 36.) 5 On August 7, 2025, Plaintiffs filed a Motion for Leave to File a First Amended 6 Complaint (“Motion to Amend”), seeking to add new allegations against William Bonar 7 and the previously dismissed Defendants. (ECF No. 38.) On September 23, 2025, the Court 8 issued an Order granting the Motion to Amend with respect to the new allegations against 9 William Bonar and denying the Motion to Amend with respect to the new allegations 10 against the other Defendants because the proposed First Amended…