Alspaugh

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS OCT 20 2025

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

FITNESS INTERNATIONAL, LLC, No. 23-2682 D.C. No. Plaintiff - Appellee, 8:22-cv-01800-DOC-DFM v.

MEMORANDUM*

LEAH ALSPAUGH,

Defendant - Appellant,

and

DOES, 1 to 50, inclusive,

Defendant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California David O. Carter, District Judge, Presiding

Submitted October 20, 2025 **

Before: O’SCANNLAIN, SILVERMAN, and N.R. SMITH, Circuit Judges.

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). Defendant Leah Alspaugh appeals a jury verdict and permanent injunction

entered in favor of Fitness International, LLC in its trademark infringement action.

We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review the jury verdict for

substantial evidence and denial of judgment as a matter of law de novo,…