CUENNTITREADL S DTIASTTERSIC DTI SOTFR CICATL ICFOOURRNTIA

CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL

Case No. CV 25-7631-GW-ASx Date October 30, 2025 Title John Roubos III, et al. v. General Motors LLC, et al.

Present: The Honorable GEORGE H. WU, UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE Javier Gonzalez None Present Deputy Clerk Court Reporter / Recorder Tape No. Attorneys Present for Plaintiffs: Attorneys Present for Defendants: None Present None Present

PROCEEDINGS: IN CHAMBERS - ORDER DENYING MOTION TO REMAND;

VACATING HEARING

John Roubos III and Katelyn Elizabeth Kelly (collectively, “Plaintiffs”) filed a motion to remand in this action on September 12, 2025. Defendant General Motors LLC (“Defendant”) removed the case to this Court on August 15, 2025, asserting that this Court has subject matter jurisdiction over this action pursuant to principles relevant to diversity jurisdiction. See Notice of Removal, Docket No. 1, at 3:1-6:16; see also 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a)(1). The motion first argues that Defendant’s removal of this action to Federal court was clearly untimely because the Complaint, on its face, included a claim based on violation of a federal statute, the Magnuson- Moss Warranty Act (“MMWA”).1 As part of that argument, Plaintiffs expressed that “it is impossible to believe that Defendant could not ascertain the amount in controversy exceeded $50,000.00 based on the face of the complaint alone,”2 Docket No. 14, at 6:20-22, and provides a reason why they believe that, at a minimum, the Complaint’s face revealed – at least with respect to a claim other than the MMWA claim that allows two-times-actual damages as a civil penalty – $70,000 to be at stake, see id. at 8:26-28. They followed up that timeliness argument by asserting, seemingly-contradictorily, that Defendant could not meet 1Where a complaint, on its face, reveals a basis for removal, a defendant has 30 days from proper service of the complaint to remove the case to Federal court. See 28 U.S.C. § 1446(b)(1); Harris v. Bankers Life & Cas. Co., 425 F.3d 689, 695 (9th Cir. 2005); see also Murphy Bros., Inc, v. Michetti Pipe Stringing, Inc., 526 U.S. 344, 347-48 (1999). 2The Complaint’s fifth cause of action, for violation of the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act (“MMWA”), has a $50,000 minimum for federal jurisdiction. See Shoner v. Carrier Corp., 30 F.4th 1144, 1147 (9th Cir. 2022). As noted supra, Defendant did not rely upon the MMWA in attempting to demonstrate a basis for this Court’s subject matter jurisdiction. Instead, it relied upon the provision for federal subject matter jurisdiction over matters between completely- diverse parties, implicating the $75,000.01 jurisdictional minimum of 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a). :

CUENNTITREADL S DTIASTTERSIC DTI SOTFR CICATL ICFOOURRNTIA

CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL

Case No. CV 25-7631-GW-ASx Date October 30, 2025 Title John Roubos III, et al. v. General Motors LLC, et al. its preponderance-of-the-evidence burden of establishing that the amount-in-controversy was in excess of $50,000. Plaintiffs’ Notice of Motion with respect to this motion asserted that their counsel had – as required by Local Rule 7-3, see C.D. Cal. L.R. 7-3 – conducted a meet-and-confer conference with opposing counsel “raising, among other things, the issue of the timeliness of Defendant’s removal.” Docket No. 14, at ii:21- 23; see also Declaration of Michelle Yang, Esq. in Support of Plaintiff’s Motion to Remand, Docket No. 14-1, ¶ 9. In Defendant’s Opposition brief, Defendant clearly states that Plaintiffs’ counsel met-and- conferred “solely as to whether [Defendant’s] removal was timely.” Docket No. 18, at 5:18-19. Plaintiffs did not respond to this assertion in their Reply brief. As a result, the materials before the Court demonstrate that the only issue properly before the Court on this motion is the timeliness of Defendant’s removal. As such, the Court will address only that issue in connection with the pending motion.3 By the time of their Reply brief, Plaintiffs seemingly dropped the issue of the timeliness of Defendant’s removal. See Docket No. 19, at 1:25-10:25. Their Reply does not mention it at all, notwithstanding that it was the lead argument in their motion (and the only issue on which they properly met-and-conferred, as explained above).4 This is probably due to the fact that Defendant is clearly correct on the timeliness issue. Plaintiffs’ Complaint did not, on its face, demonstrate a basis for removal in this case. See Complaint, Docket No. 1-1. Although based on a federal statute, a claim under the Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act (such as the Complaint’s fifth cause of action) requires at least $50,000 be at stake for federal jurisdiction to exist. See Shoner v. Carrier Corp., 30 F.4th 1144, 1147 (9th Cir. 2022) (“Although the MMWA is a federal statute, federal courts do not have jurisdiction over an MMWA claim if the amount in controversy is less than $50,000.”); Kelly v. Fleetwood Enters., Inc., 377 F.3d 1034, 1037 (9th Cir. 2004); see also Footnote 2, supra. That amount was not revealed on the face of the Complaint, which contains no dollar figure at all. Indeed, Plaintiffs repeatedly concede that their Complaint does not allege any specific dollar amount in controversy. See Docket No. 14, at 6:19-20, 8:12-13. As such, there could be no jurisdiction over this matter pursuant to any provision for a required dollar-minimum (based in the MMWA or otherwise). Further, to the extent diversity jurisdiction is at issue under 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a)(1) (the actual basis for 3A failure to sufficiently demonstrate the necessary amount-in-controversy is not a “procedural defect” in a removal. As a result, the Court need not act upon that issue simply because Plaintiffs have filed a motion that, in part, presents a procedural defect as a basis for remand. 4The timeliness issue was the only basis for Plaintiffs’ request for attorneys’ fees on this motion pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1447(c). See Docket No. 14, at 11:1-12:8. Yet, Plaintiffs continue that request in their Reply brief, see Docket No. 19, at 11:1-2, despite having effectively dropped the timeliness issue from their argument by the time of that brief. :

CUENNTITREADL S DTIASTTERSIC DTI SOTFR CICATL ICFOOURRNTIA

CIVIL MINUTES - GENERAL

Case No. CV 25-7631-GW-ASx Date October 30, 2025 Title John Roubos III, et al. v. General Motors LLC, et al. Defendant’s removal of the case to this Court), the Complaint alleged only Plaintiffs’ residence, not their citizenship, see Complaint ¶ 2, and it is the latter that provides a basis for diversity-based federal jurisdiction. See Kanter v. Warner-Lambert Co., 265 F.3d 853, 857 (9th Cir. 2001). As a result, the Complaint’s face reveals neither that component nor the $75,000.01 jurisdictional minimum required for that avenue to federal jurisdiction. Whether or not Defendant could have engaged in investigatory efforts that would have revealed to it that the citizenship and/or amount-in-controversy elements were met and would allow removal is not the issue. See Kuxhausen v. BMW Fin’l Servs. NA LLC, 707 F.3d 1136, 1141 (9th Cir. 2013); Harris v. Bankers Life & Cas. Co., 425 F.3d 689, 695 (9th Cir. 2005); see also Kenny v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 881 F.3d 786, 790-91 (9th Cir. 2018). Nor does it matter that Defendant clearly believes that it can satisfy its burden by demonstrating – through reliance on information not revealed on the face of the Complaint – that the necessary prerequisites are present here. Satisfaction of an evidentiary burden and the onset of the removal period are two separate issues. See Kuxhausen, 707 F.3d at 1141 n.3. A defendant has no obligation to kick-start its removal window by making investigatory efforts outside the face of the complaint. As the foregoing demonstrates, Plaintiffs’ only properly-presented argument is undeniably wrong. The motion is denied. The November 3, 2025 hearing date is vacated. See C.D. Cal. L.R. 7-15 (“The court may dispense with oral argument on any motion except where an oral hearing is required by statute, the F.R.Civ.P. or these Local Rules.”).

IT IS SO ORDERED.

: