Amaral

background of this case is significantly hampered by the scant record. It is undisputed that, at some point, Amaral and Freire were married. In July 2024, Amaral filed a petition for dissolution of marriage. Around the same time, Amaral made a request for a child visitation order.

1 Further rule references are to the California Rules of Court.

2 The written orders were issued after hearings in August and September 2024. In this opinion we refer to these hearings as the August 2024 hearing and the September 2024 hearing, respectively.

2 In early August 2024, Freire filed a request for a DVRO against Amaral under the Domestic Violence Prevention Act (DVPA) (Fam. Code, § 6200 et seq.).3 A temporary restraining order was issued that same day against Amaral.4 Several weeks later, in late August 2024, a hearing was held on Freire’s request for a permanent DVRO. Although not included in the appellate record, it is undisputed that the parties executed a written stipulation at or before the hearing authorizing a court commissioner to preside over this matter as a temporary judge. In a written order issued after the hearing, the commissioner (court) noted that Freire was proceeding as a…