Strike 3 Holdings, LLC v. John Doe Subscriber Assigned IP Address 73.252.135.137

BACKGROUND

21 Strike 3 alleges that it is the assignee of copyrights registered with the U.S. Copyright Office 22 to certain adult motion pictures distributed through various adult websites and DVD sales. See Dkt. 23 1 at 1, 7. Strike 3 indicates it is a Delaware corporation located in Camden, Delaware. Id. at ¶ 11. 24 Defendant Doe was named in the Complaint solely in connection with a specific Internet Protocol 25 (“IP”) address. [Dkt. 1]. “An IP address is a ‘unique numerical address’ assigned to every computer 26 and can serve as its identifying characteristic.” United States v. Henderson, 906 F.3d 1109, 1111 27 n.1 (9th Cir. 2018). An IP address is not a physical address but instead is a unique identifier for every computer or server connected to the Internet. United States v. Forrester, 512 F.3d 500, 510 n.5 (9th Cir. 2008). As is well-known, consumers and households connect their home computers and other devices to the Internet by subscribing to such service through a vendor called an Internet Service Provider (“ISP”), often a cable company, telecommunications company, or other similar service provider. Nat’l Cable & Telecommunications Ass’n v. Brand X…