Kolstad

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS NOV 12 2025

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

TODD KOLSTAD, No. 25-2106 D.C. No. Plaintiff - Appellant, 4:24-cv-00085-SPW v.

MEMORANDUM*

CYNDI BAILLARGEON; CRYSTAL

WHITMORE,

Defendants - Appellees.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Montana Susan P. Watters, District Judge, Presiding

Argued and Submitted November 6, 2025 Portland, Oregon

Before: M. SMITH, NGUYEN, and H.A. THOMAS, Circuit Judges.

Todd Kolstad appeals the district court’s dismissal of his Fourteenth

Amendment, 42 U.S.C. § 1983 claims as barred by collateral estoppel. We have

jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. “We review de novo the dismissal of a claim

pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), as well as the district court’s

issue preclusion ruling.” Bridge Aina Le‘a, LLC v. Land Use Comm’n, 950 F.3d

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. 610, 624 (9th Cir. 2020) (citations omitted). We…