NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS NOV 21 2025

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

EDWARD ANDERSON; RAYMOND No. 24-6164 KEITH CORUM; JESSE D.C. No. WORTHINGTON; COLLEEN 2:18-cv-00714-DJC-AC

WORTHINGTON,

MEMORANDUM*

Plaintiffs - Appellants,

v.

EDWARD D. JONES & CO., LP,

Defendant - Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of California Daniel J. Calabretta, District Court, Presiding

Argued and Submitted November 14, 2025 San Francisco, California

Before: FRIEDLAND and SUNG, Circuit Judges, and PITTS, District Judge.**

Plaintiffs Raymond Keith Corum, Jesse Worthington, and Colleen

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The Honorable P. Casey Pitts, United States District Judge for the Northern District of California, sitting by designation. Worthington1 appeal the district court’s grant of Edward Jones’s motion for

summary judgment on their claims for breach of fiduciary duty. We have

jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.

We review de novo an order granting summary judgment. Burch v. City of

Chubbuck, 146 F.4th 822, 832 (9th Cir. 2025). Evidence is viewed in the light

most favorable to the non-moving party—here, Plaintiffs. Id.

Plaintiffs contend that there were three sources of a fiduciary duty to act in

the client’s best interest when giving advice about account type: the Financial

Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”) Rules, the Investment Advisers Act of

1940 (“IAA”), and California state law. Each of these contentions fails.

1. FINRA Rule 2111 regulates only broker-dealers acting in connection

with the purchase or sale of securities. See 15 U.S.C. § 78c(a)(4)(A) (“The term

‘broker’ means any person engaged in the business of effecting transactions in

securities for the account of others.”); cf. 15 U.S.C. § 78o(b)(8) (making it

unlawful for “any registered broker or dealer to effect any transaction in, or induce

or attempt to induce the purchase or sale of, any security . . . unless such broker or

dealer is a member of a securities association . . . .”). Accordingly, for FINRA

Rule 2111 to provide an applicable fiduciary duty, the challenged advice must have

1 Plaintiff Edward Anderson does not appeal the district court’s order denying his claim because the amount by which his fees increased was below the threshold that Plaintiffs’ expert testified reflected a breach of fiduciary duty.

2 24-6164 related to the purchase or sale of securities. But Plaintiffs crafted their cause of

action to avoid the Securities Litigation Uniform Standards Act, which preempts

class-action fiduciary duty claims arising from a financial adviser’s conduct related

to the purchase or sale of securities. See Anderson v. Edward D. Jones & Co.,

L.P., 990 F.3d 692, 699, 709 (9th Cir. 2021). And Plaintiffs conceded at oral

argument that the FINRA best-interest duty imposed on broker-dealers by

Regulation Best Interest in 2019 did not exist under federal law at the time Edward

Jones gave the advice challenged here. See Regulation Best Interest: The Broker-

Dealer Standard of Conduct, 84 Fed. Reg. 33318, 33320-22 (July 12, 2019)

(codified at 17 C.F.R. pt. 240).

2. The only obligation the IAA imposes on prospective investment

advisers is a duty not to engage in fraud. See 15 U.S.C. § 80b-6(2). Plaintiffs

disclaimed any fraud-based theory in the district court, and they point to no

evidence of fraud on appeal.2

3. The only California authorities Plaintiffs cite as imposing a fiduciary

duty to act in the client’s best interest relate only to circumstances in which the

2 Although the district court distinguished Jesse and Colleen Worthington from the other Plaintiffs, concluding that Edward Jones owed them a fiduciary duty under the IAA and California law because they both had separate advisory accounts at the time they switched their joint brokerage account to a joint advisory account, Plaintiffs did not make that argument on appeal. Plaintiffs also conceded at oral argument that Edward Jones did not owe the Worthingtons any greater fiduciary duty than it owed to the other plaintiffs.

3 24-6164 financial professional exercises a high degree of control over the client’s accounts.

See, e.g., Twomey v. Mitchum, Jones & Templeton, Inc., 69 Cal. Rptr. 222, 242 (Ct.

App. 1968) (explaining that if a financial adviser is “for all practical purposes the

controlling factor in the transactions” then “there should be an obligation to

determine the customer’s actual financial situation and needs”). Plaintiffs do not

argue or present sufficient evidence to show that Edward Jones exercised the

necessary level of control over their accounts for that California case law to govern

here.3

AFFIRMED.

3 Because Plaintiffs have not shown that federal or state law imposed a fiduciary duty on Edward Jones to give only account type advice that was in the client’s best interest, we do not reach whether Plaintiffs’ expert’s testimony created a genuine dispute about whether the challenged advice was in Plaintiffs’ best interest.

4 24-6164