Malinowski

background, adapted in part from those opinions, is limited to the facts relevant to this appeal. Malinowski and Martin were married in September 2013 and have two children, I.M. and J.M. In September 2018, Malinowski filed for dissolution of marriage (case No. 18-FAM-02115) (the dissolution action) and also petitioned for a domestic violence temporary restraining order (DVTRO) against Martin protecting herself, the children, and her parents (case No. 18- FAM-02115-A) (the first DVPA action).

2 In a separate case, in January 2019, Malinowski’s parents obtained a three-year elder abuse restraining order against Martin. A. First DVPA Trial In October 2020, the trial court held a trial in the first DVPA action and issued a three-year DVRO protecting Malinowski from Martin. The court elected not to include Malinowski’s parents or the children as protected parties because, as the court explained, the grandparents already had a restraining order, and the children were adequately protected in the “hands- on family law action currently pending.” B. Family Court’s March and July 2021 Hearings on Visitation In the dissolution action, the family court (Hon. Sean P. Dabel) conducted a…