INTRODUCTION

18 Plaintiff Dionne Singleton (“Plaintiff”) seeks judicial review of a final decision of the 19 Commissioner of Social Security (“Commissioner”) denying his application for supplemental 20 security income (“SSI”) under Title XVI of the Social Security Act. Plaintiff’s claim for 21 disability stems from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), post-traumatic stress 22 disorder (PTSD), and dyslexia (AR 258)1, along with degenerative disc disease of the lumbar 23 spine and obesity. (AR 19.) The matter is currently before the Court on Plaintiff’s motion for 24 summary judgment and the parties’ briefs, which were submitted without oral argument, to 25 26

27 1 References to the Administrative Record will be designated as “AR,” followed by the appropriate page number. References to the parties’ briefs will refer to the stamped number at the 28 top of each page. 1 Magistrate Judge Barbara A. McAuliffe.2 (Docs. 15, 16, 17.) 2 Having considered the briefing and record in this matter, the Court finds the decision of 3 the Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) is not supported by substantial evidence in the record as a 4 whole or based upon proper legal standards. Accordingly, this Court will recommend reversing 5 the agency’s determination to deny benefits and remanding the matter for further proceedings. 6 FACTS AND PRIOR PROCEEDINGS 7 Plaintiff protectively filed an application for supplemental security income on December 8 16, 2021. (AR 191-200.) Plaintiff alleged that he has been disabled since June 18, 2010. (AR 9 191.) Plaintiff lists his impairments as “I can not [sic] read and write; Schitzophrenic [sic]; 10 Mental health issues.” (AR 67.) Plaintiff’s application was denied initially and upon 11 reconsideration. (AR 81-83; 104-108.) 12 On May 24, 2023, Plaintiff requested a hearing before an ALJ, which was held on January 13 30, 2024. (AR 124; 34-65.) On January 30, 2024, ALJ Scot Septer (the “ALJ” or “ALJ Septer”) 14 held an in-person hearing. (AR 34-65.) On June 14, 2024, the ALJ issued an unfavorable 15 decision denying Plaintiff’s claim on the basis that Plaintiff does not have an impairment or 16 combination of impairments that meets or medically equals the severity of one of the listed 17 impairments in 20 CFR Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1, and that Plaintiff has the residual 18 functional capacity (“RFC”) to perform medium work with limitations. (AR 14-29.) This appeal 19 followed. Plaintiff asks that the Court remand this case for further administrative proceedings 20 and a new decision pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). (Doc. 15 at 27.) 21 Hearing Testimony 22 On January 30, 2024, ALJ Septer held an in-person hearing. (AR 34-65.) Plaintiff 23 appeared in person and was represented by attorney Jeffrey Milam. (Id.) José Chaparro, an 24 impartial vocational expert, appeared via telephone. (AR 56-61.) 25 In response to the ALJ’s questions, Plaintiff testified that he was currently living with his 26

27 2 The parties have consented to the jurisdiction of a United States Magistrate Judge for all further proceedings in this action, including trial and entry of judgment pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 636(c)(1). 28 (Doc. 11.) 1 parents and has been living with them since he was released in prison in 2021. (AR 40, 41-42.) 2 The highest grade that he completed in school was tenth grade, and he never went back to 3 complete his education. (Id.) Plaintiff testified that he had problems learning and reading. (AR 4 46.) Plaintiff further testified that he attended special education classes. (Id.) 5 Plaintiff has not worked in the last fifteen years. (Id.) When asked why he has not 6 worked during this time, Plaintiff responded that “I really don’t like being, like, in crowded 7 places, around a lot of people . . . I just get nervous and, you know, be sweating. It can be 20 8 degrees.” (AR 40.) Plaintiff reports that he has “thought about” trying to work, but “[doesn’t] 9 think [he] can do it” because of his inability to read or type. (AR 46) (“Partially is, you know, 10 reading or typing. I don’t know how to do none of that stuff. Like, McDonald’s, they got the 11 pre-order thing. I don’t know how to do none of that stuff.”) 12 Plaintiff reports that he has never taken the bus or other public transportation to get around 13 town and depends on his family members to take him to his appointments. (AR 46-47.) Plaintiff 14 speaks with his siblings by telephone “once a month, maybe ever[y] two months.” (AR 44.) In 15 terms of household chores, Plaintiff testified that he “tr[ies] to take the trash cans to the curb” but 16 does not clean beyond vacuuming, dusting, and wiping down counters. (AR 41, 49.) He does not 17 cook beyond boiling noodles. (AR 41, 44.) Otherwise, he does “pretty much nothing.” He 18 testified that he does not go to the store on his own and never has, even before he was 19 incarcerated. (AR 45.) When he tries to do yard work around his home, he “[doesn’t] ever 20 complete it” because he “get[s] agitated.” (Id.) 21 When asked what he does on a typical day, Plaintiff responded that he “just stay[s] in the 22 house.” (AR 41.) He passes the time by watching television, including HGTV shows. (AR 49.) 23 When asked how often he leaves the house in an average month, he responded “two or three 24 times.” (AR 47.) Plaintiff responded affirmatively when asked whether being in prison has 25 anything to do with his unwillingness to leave the house. (AR 47 (“Yes . . . I mean, you in the 26 cell all day. Like, you might get out an hour, and then you’re back in the cell for 23 hours a 27 day.”) He testified that he has no friends that he spends time with, does not leave the house for 28 church or social engagements, and only leaves the house to attend therapy appointments twice a 1 month and go to the grocery store. (AR 41-42; 48-49.) Sometimes he will “go in the front yard 2 for about ten minutes and back in the house.” (AR 41.) Plaintiff remarked that his probation 3 officer was the person who recommended that he attend therapy because he rarely leaves his 4 home. (AR 42) (“[I]t wasn’t an order. She just—every time she’d pop up in my house, she was 5 like, you home. You don’t go nowhere. You don’t do nothing. You need to go . . . talk to 6 somebody.”) Plaintiff reported that his therapist also wants him to leave the house, but he 7 “[doesn’t] really want to get out.” (AR 43.) 8 When asked why he rarely leaves his house, Plaintiff responded that he “feel[s] safer in 9 the house” and is “consistently” worried about violence. (Id.) (“I mean, people being shot every 10 day”). When asked for the basis of his PTSD diagnosis, Plaintiff explained that he witnessed 11 violence in prison. (AR 50) (“when I was in the pen, the first time I went to the pen, you see 12 people, like, get stabbed right next to you . . . it[] really—scares me, you know . . . out here, on 13 the streets, it’s guns.”) Plaintiff states that he was in a gang in the past, and that he has “been shot 14 at a lot.” (AR 51.) 15 When asked about his back pain, Plaintiff testified that he has “constant” pain that 16 requires him to change positions from sitting, standing, and laying down “every 10 to 15 17 minutes.” (AR 52.) Plaintiff testified that he was experiencing back pain sitting in the hearing. 18 (AR 51.) Plaintiff estimates that he spends approximately three hours out of an eight-hour day 19 laying down. (AR 52.) Plaintiff testified that his doctors told him that there was nothing that 20 could be done for his back pain outside of surgery and pain medication. (AR 52-53.) 21 When asked about his right shoulder pain, Plaintiff stated that it was dislocated “years 22 ago” and started hampering his ability to use his arm in approximately 2021. (AR 62.) Plaintiff 23 is right-handed. (AR 61.) Plaintiff indicated that he had been treated at St. Agnes for his 24 shoulder pain. (Id.) Plaintiff was asked whether he would be able to do a job that required 25 reaching out with his right arm, for example, picking apples off a belt or sorting small electronic 26 parts. (AR 62-63.) Plaintiff stated that he could do that type of work for “[l]ess than a third of 27 the day.” (AR 63.) 28 Plaintiff reports that he currently takes psychiatric medications, but that he did not 1 remember the names and his parents administer the medications to him. (AR 44.) He takes 2 medication for his back pain. (AR 52.) 3 The ALJ elicited testimony from the vocational expert regarding hypothetical questions. 4 For the first hypothetical, the ALJ asked whether there would be jobs in the national economy for 5 an individual capable of light work would be able to (1) occasionally climb ramps, stairs, ladders, 6 ropes, and scaffolds, (2) occasionally balance, crawl, crouch, kneel, and stoop, (3) perform non- 7 complex jobs involving no more than simple, routine tasks, (4) maintain occasional contact with 8 co-workers and members of the public, and (5) including the limitations that the individual should 9 not work in environments that would expose them to unprotected heights or dangerous 10 machinery, or require reading or writing in the English language. (AR 58.) The vocational expert 11 indicated that there would be jobs for this hypothetical person, including working as a 12 housekeeper/cleaner (DOT code 323.687-014), routing clerk (DOT code 222.687.022), or marker 13 (DOT code 209.587-034). 14 The ALJ then asked whether the hypothetical individual would be able to perform such 15 jobs if they were able to “frequently” maintain the concentration and attention necessary to 16 perform simple tasks, but “occasionally” would be unable to maintain the appropriate level of 17 acuity. (AR 59.) The vocational expert testified that the jobs would not be available given this 18 limitation, and that “no other work is available, either.” (Id.) 19 On cross-examination by Plaintiff’s attorney, the vocational expert was asked whether the 20 hypothetical individual would be able to perform the identified jobs if that individual had to lie 21 down at least two hours per eight-hour workday. (AR 60.) The vocational expert testified that 22 the individual would not be able to the identified jobs or any jobs at all. (Id.) The vocational 23 expert was then asked whether there would be any light jobs available for an individual who was 24 limited to sedentary work with a restriction to reaching forward occasionally with the right 25 shoulder. (Id.) The vocational expert stated that there are no jobs available with those 26 limitations. (AR 61.) 27 Medical Record 28 The relevant medical record was reviewed by the Court and will be referenced below as 1 necessary to this Court’s decision. 2 1. Examining Medical Source Opinion of Consultative Psychologist, Pauline Bonilla, Psy.D. 3 Clinical psychologist Dr. Pauline Bonilla, Psy.D., completed a comprehensive mental 4 health evaluation on Plaintiff on September 2, 2022. (AR 336-342.) 5 Regarding Plaintiff’s reports of schizophrenic symptoms, Dr. Bonilla notes that Plaintiff’s 6 application “indicated that he had schizophrenia,” but found that Plaintiff “did not report any 7 symptoms that met criteria for schizophrenia.” (AR 336.) Dr. Bonilla indicated that Plaintiff did 8 not report any perceptual responses and was not observed to be responding to internal stimuli 9 during the interview. (Id.) 10 Dr. Bonilla notes that that Plaintiff reported having anxiety starting around 2002, after his 11 first incarceration. (AR 336.) The evaluation indicates that Plaintiff had anxiety “due to 12 witnessing fights and incidents while he was incarcerated,” and that Plaintiff reported an 13 “increase in nervousness in public and crowds,” “[avoids] others due to lack of trust,” and 14 symptoms of “heart palpitations, sweatiness, and shakiness.” (AR 336-37.) 15 Regarding Plaintiff’s mental limitations, Dr. Bonilla noted that Plaintiff reports “difficulty 16 with reading comprehension and written expression,” “difficulty with arithmetic,” and that he 17 “requires simple and repetitive directions as well as frequent prompting and reminders.” (AR 18 337.) Plaintiff “denies any inpatient hospitalizations,” reported a history of receiving psychiatric 19 medication while he was incarcerated, described “cannabis use from the age of 12 to 37,” and 20 “smoking marijuana on a daily basis.” (Id.) The evaluation lists Plaintiff’s current medications 21 as Trazodone, Losartan, Hydrochlorothiazide, Bupropion, Albuterol, and Budesonide. (Id.) Dr. 22 Bonilla notes that while Plaintiff is not currently participating in mental health treatment, he does 23 receive psychotropic medication from his primary care physician. (Id.) 24 As a part of the mental status examination, Dr. Bonilla observed that Plaintiff’s “[h]ygiene 25 and grooming was fair,” “behavior was cooperative,” “attitude was pleasant,” “stream of [mental] 26 activity was within normal limits,” “[s]peech form was logical, coherent, and concise,” 27 “[a]rticulation was clear,” [v]olume was normal,” “[t]hought content was appropriate,” “no 28 1 indications of hallucinations or delusions,” “mood appeared to be slightly anxious,” reports of 2 poor sleep, and that Plaintiff’s “intellectual functioning appeared to be within the average range.” 3 (AR 338.) Plaintiff “appeared to respond to questions in an honest and open manner.” (AR 340.) 4 Dr. Bonilla indicates that Plaintiff reports that “he is able to complete his adaptive living skills 5 independently,” “does not engage in household chores,” “requires assistance grocery shopping 6 and running errands,” “does not cook or drive,” and “mostly spends time with his immediate 7 family and watching television.” (AR 339.) Dr. Bonilla opined that “[t]here did appear to be 8 some evidence of the claimant exaggerating symptoms, as well as inconsistencies at times during 9 the evaluation,” and placed Plaintiff’s symptom severity as “in the mild to moderate range.” (AR 10 340.) Dr. Bonilla further opined that “[t]he likelihood of the claimant’s mental condition 11 improving within the next 12 months with psychotherapy is good.” (Id.) The examination also 12 notes that Plaintiff “does appear to be suffering from a major mental disorder at this time,” and 13 that his limitations “appear to be primarily due to medical and mental health issues.” (Id.) 14 Dr. Bonilla made the following findings: (1) Plaintiff’s ability to perform simple and 15 repetitive tasks is unimpaired, (2) Plaintiff’s ability to perform detailed and complex tasks is 16 mildly impaired, (3) Plaintiff’s ability to accept instructions from supervisors is mildly impaired, 17 (4) Plaintiff’s ability to interact with coworkers and the public is mildly impaired, (5) Plaintiff’s 18 ability to sustain an ordinary routine without special supervision is mildly impaired, (6) Plaintiff’s 19 ability to maintain regular attendance in the workplace is mildly impaired, (7) Plaintiff’s ability to 20 complete a normal workday/workweek without interruptions from a psychiatric condition is 21 mildly impaired, (8) Plaintiff’s ability to deal with stress and changes encountered in the 22 workplace is moderately impaired, and (9) the likelihood of the claimant emotionally 23 deteriorating in the work environment is minimal. (Id.) 24 The ALJ’s Decision 25 Using the Social Security Administration’s five-step sequential evaluation process, the 26 ALJ’s June 14, 2024 decision determined that Plaintiff was not disabled under the Social Security 27 Act. The ALJ found that Plaintiff had not engaged in substantial gainful activity since November 28 30, 2021, the application date. (AR 19.) The ALJ identified the following severe impairments: 1 learning disorder, degenerative disc disease of the lumbar spine, and obesity. (Id.) The ALJ 2 determined that Plaintiff does not have an impairment or combination of impairments that meets 3 or medically equals the severity of one of the listed impairments in 20 CFR Part 404, Subpart P, 4 Appendix 1. (AR 21.) 5 Based on a review of the entire record, the ALJ found that Plaintiff has the RFC to 6 perform medium work as defined in 20 CFR 416.967(c) and is able to perform jobs of a non- 7 complex nature requiring the performance of no more than simple, routine tasks, and should not 8 work in occupations requiring reading or writing in the English language. (AR 23.) The ALJ 9 also noted that Plaintiff has no past relevant work, has a limited education, and has no 10 transferable job skills because of a lack of past relevant work. (AR 27-28.) The ALJ concluded 11 that Plaintiff has not been under a disability as defined in the Social Security Act, since 12 November 30, 2021, the date the application was filed. (AR 29.) 13 SCOPE OF REVIEW 14 Congress has provided a limited scope of judicial review of the Commissioner’s decision 15 to deny benefits under the Social Security Act. In reviewing findings of fact with respect to such 16 determinations, this Court must determine whether the decision of the Commissioner is supported 17 by substantial evidence. 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). Substantial evidence means “more than a mere 18 scintilla,” Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 402 (1971), but less than a preponderance. 19 Sorenson v. Weinberger, 514 F.2d 1112, 1119, n.10 (9th Cir. 1975). It is “such relevant evidence 20 as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Richardson, 402 U.S. at 21 401. The record as a whole must be considered, weighing both the evidence that supports and the 22 evidence that detracts from the Commissioner’s conclusion. Jones v. Heckler, 760 F.2d 993, 995 23 (9th Cir. 1985). In weighing the evidence and making findings, the Commissioner must apply the 24 proper legal standards. E.g., Burkhart v. Bowen, 856 F.2d 1335, 1338 (9th Cir. 1988). This 25 Court must uphold the Commissioner’s determination that the claimant is not disabled if the 26 Commissioner applied the proper legal standards, and if the Commissioner’s findings are 27 supported by substantial evidence. See Sanchez v. Sec’y of Health and Human Servs., 812 F.2d 28 509, 510 (9th Cir. 1987). “[T]he court will not reverse an ALJ’s decision for harmless error, 1 which exists when it is clear from the record that the ALJ’s error was inconsequential to the 2 ultimate nondisability determination.” Tommasetti v. Astrue, 533 F.3d 1035, 1038 (9th Cir. 2008) 3 (internal citation quotation marks omitted). 4 REVIEW 5 In order to qualify for benefits, a claimant must establish that he or she is unable to engage 6 in substantial gainful activity due to a medically determinable physical or mental impairment 7 which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than twelve months. 8 42 U.S.C. § 1382c(a)(3)(A). A claimant must show that he or she has a physical or mental 9 impairment of such severity that he or she is not only unable to do his or her previous work, but 10 cannot, considering his or her age, education, and work experience, engage in any other kind of 11 substantial gainful work which exists in the national economy. Quang Van Han v. Bowen, 882 12 F.2d 1453, 1456 (9th Cir. 1989). The burden is on the claimant to establish disability. Terry v. 13 Sullivan, 903 F.2d 1273, 1275 (9th Cir. 1990). 14 DISCUSSION3 15 A. Examining Medical Source Opinion of Consultative Psychologist, Pauline Bonilla, Psy.D. 16 In weighing Dr. Bonilla’s opinion related to Plaintiff’s intellectual disorder and functional 17 limits, the ALJ reasoned as follows: 18 On September 2, 2022, Pauline Bonilla, Ph.D., performed a comprehensive mental health 19 evaluation (Exhibit 6F). The claimant reported learning disability, schizophrenia, and anxiety. The mental status examination revealed a cooperative behavior and pleasant 20 attitude. Speech and thought content were normal. There was slightly anxious mood. His intellectual functioning was within average age and remote memory was intact. Recent 21 memory was impaired because he was only able to recall two of four digits forward, two of four digits backwards, and zero of three objects after five minutes. He also had 22 difficulty with serial 3s, but concentration was within normal limits. Judgement and insight were within normal limits (Exhibit 6F, pp. 3-4). 23 (AR 25.) 24 Elsewhere in his decision, the ALJ provided additional reasoning related to Dr. Bonilla’s 25 26 3 The parties are advised that this Court has carefully reviewed and considered all of the briefs, 27 including arguments, points and authorities, declarations, and/or exhibits. Any omission of a reference to any specific argument or brief is not to be construed that the Court did not consider 28 the argument or brief. 1 opinion: 2 On September 2, 2022, Dr. Bonilla opined the claimant was unimpaired in his ability to perform simple and repetitive tasks. He was mildly limited in all other areas except for in 3 his ability to deal with the stress and changed encountered in the workplace was moderately impaired (Exhibit 6F, p. 5). I find Dr. Bonilla's opinion generally persuasive 4 because it is founded and supported upon examination (Exhibit 6F, pp. 3-4) and is consistent with and aligns with the longitudinal record. For example, mental status 5 examinations were generally normal except for anxious and depressed mood (Exhibits 9F, pp. 40, 46; 14F, pp. 57, 63). The limitation in the residual functional capacity above that 6 he should not work in occupations requiring reading or writing in English language is warranted because the claimant has impaired short term memory, but has concentration. 7 (AR 26.) 8 At step three of the sequential analysis, the ALJ made the following finding regarding 9 Plaintiff’s RFC: 10 [T]he claimant is able to perform medium work as defined in 20 CFR 416.967(c) except 11 the claimant is able to perform jobs of a non-complex nature requiring the performance of no more than simple, routine tasks, and should not work in occupations requiring reading 12 or writing in the English language. 13 (AR 23.) In making this finding, the ALJ summarized Plaintiff’s self-reports, including that 14 Plaintiff “was unable to work because of mental health issues,” reported that “it was hard to be 15 around a lot of people,” “[h]e has difficult taking instruction and difficulty sleeping due to 16 nightmares,” but also that “[h]e is able to care for his own personal needs, but needs reminders to 17 bathe,” “he can cook simple meals, go out alone, shop in stores,” and “socializes in person or on 18 the phone and attends church regularly.” (AR 24.) The ALJ also summarized medical clinicians’ 19 observations and findings, including the findings of Dr. Bonilla, among many others. (AR 24- 20 27.) 21 Plaintiff argues that despite finding the opinion persuasive, the ALJ materially departed 22 from the medical opinion when formulating Plaintiff’s RFC by restricting Plaintiff to performing 23 simple, routine tasks, “which failed to address Dr. Bonilla’s opinion that Plaintiff had limitations 24 in his ability to deal with workplace stress or adapt to workplace changes.” (Doc. 15 at 21.) 25 Plaintiff argues that a restriction to simple and routine tasks does not capture the deficiencies 26 identified by Dr. Bonilla that Plaintiff has moderate limitations in handling stress and changes in 27 routine. (Id.) 28 Defendant counters by arguing that where, as here, an ALJ finds an opinion less than fully 1 persuasive, the ALJ is not required to discuss every limitation in a medical opinion, so long as the 2 RFC is supported by substantial evidence. (Doc. 16 at 28.) Defendant further argues that the 3 RFC formulation adequately accounts for Plaintiff’s mental functional limitations by limiting him 4 to “simple, routine tasks.” (Id. at 27.) 5 The ALJ’s RFC assessment, and any resulting hypothetical presented to a vocational 6 expert, must include all of Plaintiff’s credible limitations. Bagby v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 606 F. 7 App’x 888, 890 (9th Cir. 2015); Valentine v. Comm’r Soc. Sec. Admin., 574 F.3d 685, 690 (9th 8 Cir. 2009). An ALJ’s RFC assessment may sufficiently account for a medical opinion regarding 9 limitations without using the same language as the provider such that an ALJ is permitted to 10 “translate” a medical opinion into the concrete restrictions that are available to the ALJ. Stubbs- 11 Danielson v. Astrue, 539 F.3d 1169, 1173-74 (9th Cir. 2008). 12 The RFC does not completely account for the opined limitations in Dr. Bonilla’s opinion. 13 The ALJ does not address the moderate limitations to Plaintiff’s ability to deal with the stress and 14 change encountered in the workplace identified by Dr. Bonilla, whose opinion the ALJ found 15 “generally persuasive.” (AR 26.) And while including a limitation in the RFC to “jobs of a non- 16 complex nature” involving no more than “simple, routine tasks” is sufficient to address mental 17 limitations related to concentration, persistence, and pace, it is insufficient to address all moderate 18 non-exertional limitations, including mental limitations regarding adaptability and self- 19 management. Stubbs-Danielson, 539 F.3d at 1174; Aaron v. Dudek, No. 1:24-CV-00372-KES- 20 BAM, 2025 WL 671815, at *7 (E.D. Cal. Mar. 3, 2025), report and recommendation adopted sub 21 nom Aaron v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., No. 1:24-CV-00372-KES-BAM, 2025 WL 2522517 (E.D. 22 Cal. Sept. 2, 2025) (collecting cases); Blaze J. v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec. Admin., No. CV-24-02251- 23 PHX-SHD, 2025 WL 2733271, at *4 (D. Ariz. Sept. 25, 2025). 24 Defendant argues that where an ALJ finds an opinion less than fully persuasive, the ALJ 25 need not discuss every limitation in that opinion so long as the RFC is otherwise supported by 26 substantial evidence. (Doc. 16 at 28.) However, courts have found an RFC to insufficiently 27 account for medical opinions even where the ALJ has not fully credited the opinions. See Aaron, 28 2025 WL 671815, at *6; Christopher G. v. Saul, No. 2:19-CV-06150-AFM, 2020 WL 2079972, 1 *5 n.3 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 30, 2020). If the ALJ intends to depart from Dr. Bonilla’s opinion, he 2 must explain his reasons for doing so. See Patterson v. Comm’r of Social Sec., No. 2:23-cv- 3 00635 AC, 2024 WL 4216810, at *8 (E.D. Cal. Sept. 17, 2024) (An ALJ errs when they do not 4 explain why they did not adopt all findings or limitations from a persuasive opinion). 5 In his hypotheticals to the vocational expert, the ALJ does not ask about workplace 6 restrictions that would account for Plaintiff’s limitations in handling workplace stress or changes 7 in routine. (AR 57-61.) “A hypothetical question posed to a vocational expert must ‘include all 8 of the claimant’s functional limitations, both physical and mental.’” Brink v. Comm’r Soc. Sec. 9 Admin., 343 F. App’x 211, 212 (9th Cir. 2009) (citing Flores v. Shalala, 49 F.3d 562, 570 (9th 10 Cir. 1995)). While the ALJ does include in the hypothetical that the individual “could maintain 11 occasional contact with co-workers and members of [the public],” he does not ask about 12 limitations concerning Plaintiff’s ability to deal with stress and change encountered in the 13 workplace. (AR 58.) Blaze J., 2025 WL 2733271, at *4 (finding that “the RFC limitation that 14 Claimant only occasionally spend time with the public and co-workers has little to do with 15 Claimant’s adaptability and self-management”). 16 The Court remands this case for further administrative proceedings. On remand, the ALJ 17 should specifically address the opined limitations in Dr. Bonilla’s opinion. 18 B. Remedy 19 Given the identified error, the Court must decide the appropriate remedy. The decision 20 whether to remand for further proceedings or order an immediate award of benefits is within the 21 Court’s discretion. See Harman v. Apfel, 211 F.3d 1172, 1175-78 (9th Cir. 2000). Unless “the 22 record has been fully developed and further administrative proceedings would serve no useful 23 purpose,” remand for further proceedings is warranted. Garrison, 759 F.3d at 1020. 24 Accordingly, this action shall be remanded to the Commissioner of Social Security for further 25 administrative proceedings pursuant to Section 205(g) of the Social Security for further 26 proceedings pursuant to Section 205(g) of the Social Security Act, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 405(g). 27 Having found that remand is warranted, the Court declines to address Plaintiff’s remaining 28 arguments regarding the evaluation of (1) Plaintiff’s subjective reports of his mental health 1 symptoms, (2) treating medical source opinion of Plaintiff’s therapist, Sandra Holland, LMFT, 2 and the ALJ’s duty to develop the record, (3) examining medical source opinion of consultative 3 psychologist, Lynne Reinfurt, Ph.D., (4) Plaintiff’s educational level, and (5) any inconsistency 4 between the vocational expert’s testimony and the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, all of which 5 can be addressed, as necessary, on remand. See Hiler v. Astrue, 687 F.3d 1208, 1212 (9th Cir. 6 2012) (“Because we remand the case to the ALJ for the reasons stated, we decline to reach 7 [plaintiff’s] alternative ground for remand.”); see also Augustine ex rel. Ramirez v. Astrue, 536 8 F.Supp.2d 1147, 1153 n.7 (C.D. Cal. 2008) (“[The] Court need not address the other claims 9 plaintiff raises, none of which would provide plaintiff with any further relief than granted, and all 10 of which can be addressed on remand.”); Marcia v. Sullivan, 900 F.2d 172, 177 n.6 (9th Cir. 11 1990) (“Because we remand for reconsideration of step three, we do not reach the other 12 arguments raised.”). 13 CONCLUSION 14 Based on the foregoing, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that: 15 1. The above-captioned action be remanded to the Commissioner of Social Security for 16 further proceedings consistent with this Order; 17 2. Judgment is entered in favor of Plaintiff Dione Singleton and against Defendant 18 Commissioner of Social Security; and 19 3. The Clerk of the Court is directed to close this action. 20

IT IS SO ORDERED.

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22 Dated: December 12, 2025 /s/ Barbara A. McAuliffe _

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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