Vondra

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS DEC 17 2025

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

THERESA VONDRA, et al., No. 24-4183 D.C. No. Plaintiffs - Appellants, 1:22-cv-00030-KLD v.

MEMORANDUM*

CITY OF BILLINGS,

Defendant - Appellee.

THERESA VONDRA, et al., No. 24-4551 Plaintiffs - Appellees, D.C. No. 1:22-cv-00030-KLD v.

CITY OF BILLINGS,

Defendant - Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Montana Kathleen Louise DeSoto, Magistrate Judge, Presiding

Argued and Submitted September 15, 2025 Seattle, Washington

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. Before: W. FLETCHER and DE ALBA, Circuit Judges, and ORRICK, District Judge.**

This matter addresses the constitutionality of the City of Billings’ Ordinance

21-5757 (“Regulating Massage and Spa Facilities Through Business Licensing

Criteria”) (hereinafter, the “Ordinance”). On cross-motions for summary

judgment, the District Court granted in…