Parham

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS DEC 18 2025

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

RONNIE PARHAM, No. 24-5205 D.C. No. Plaintiff - Appellee, 2:21-cv-09114-FLA-GJS v. MEMORANDUM*

NICHOLAS ROBLES, Officer No. 451; CARLOS GONZALEZ, Officer No. 444; ABEL HERNANDEZ, Officer No. 395; MATTHEW MUNOZ, Officer No. 445,

Defendants - Appellants.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of California Fernando L. Aenlle-Rocha, District Judge, Presiding

Argued and Submitted November 21, 2025 Pasadena, California

Before: BERZON, N.R. SMITH, and MILLER, Circuit Judges. Partial Concurrence and Partial Dissent by Judge MILLER.

West Covina Police Department officers, Nicholas Robles, Carlos Gonzalez,

Abel Hernandez, and Matthew Munoz (collectively, “WCPD Officers”), appeal

from the district court’s denial of summary judgment based on qualified immunity

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.…