INTRODUCTION

15 Plaintiff Stephen Paule Kennedy alleges that medical staff at Salinas Valley State 16 Prison provided constitutionally inadequate medical care for his broken finger. His first 17 amended 42 U.S.C. § 1983 complaint containing these allegations is now before me for 18 review pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). 19 When liberally construed, Kennedy has stated Eighth Amendment deliberate 20 indifference claims against various medical staff at Salinas Valley State Prison. The Court 21 directs these defendants, if appropriate, to file in response to the operative complaint a 22 dispositive motion, or a notice regarding such motion, on or before April 20, 2026. 23 Defendants also shall file an answer in accordance with the Federal Rules of Civil 24 Procedure. 25 No hearing will be held on any motion unless I specifically order one. 26

DISCUSSION

27 A. Standard of Review 1 A federal court must conduct a preliminary screening in any case in which a 2 prisoner seeks redress from a governmental entity or officer or employee of a 3 governmental entity. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(a). In its review, the court must identify any 4 cognizable claims and dismiss any claims that are frivolous, malicious, fail to state a claim 5 upon which relief may be granted or seek monetary relief from a defendant who is immune 6 from such relief. See id. § 1915A(b)(1), (2). Pro se pleadings must be liberally construed. 7 See Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep’t, 901 F.2d 696, 699 (9th Cir. 1988). 8 A “complaint must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a 9 claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) 10 (quoting Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)). “A claim has facial 11 plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the 12 reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged.” Id. (quoting 13 Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556). Furthermore, a court “is not required to accept legal 14 conclusions cast in the form of factual allegations if those conclusions cannot reasonably 15 be drawn from the facts alleged.” Clegg v. Cult Awareness Network, 18 F.3d 752, 754–55 16 (9th Cir. 1994). 17 To state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a plaintiff must allege two essential 18 elements: (1) that a right secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States was 19 violated, and (2) that the alleged violation was committed by a person acting under the 20 color of state law. See West v. Atkins, 487 U.S. 42, 48 (1988). 21 B. Legal Claims 22 Kennedy alleges that on December 10, 2020 at Salinas Valley State Prison his 23 finger was broken when two inmates attacked him. (Am. Compl., Dkt. No. 12 at 4.) He 24 alleges that various medical staff were deliberately indifferent to his serious medical needs 25 on that day and the days following, thereby violating his Eighth Amendment rights. When 26 liberally construed, he has stated claims against A. Camacho, a physical therapist; Carl 27 Bourne, a doctor; Danilo Paraguya, a registered nurse; O.T. Kim, a doctor; Michael Yeh, a 1 All other claims and defendants are DISMISSED. Kennedy’s allegations against 2 unnamed or partially-named defendants (e.g., Anthony, an x-ray technician) are 3 DISMISSED. His conclusory allegations against the California Correctional Health 4 Services and CTC Supervisors for not performing their duties are DISMISSED. 5 Defendants cannot be held liable for a constitutional violation under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 6 “unless they were integral participants in the unlawful conduct.” Keates v. Koile, 883 F.3d 7 1228, 1241 (9th Cir. 2018). Furthermore, there is no respondeat superior liability under 8 § 1983. Taylor v. List, 880 F.2d 1040, 1045 (9th Cir. 1989). It is not enough that the 9 supervisor merely has a supervisory relationship over the defendants; the plaintiff must 10 show that the supervisor “participated in or directed the violations, or knew of the 11 violations and failed to act to prevent them.” Id. 12 CONCLUSION 13 For the foregoing reasons, the Court orders as follows: 14 1. The Clerk of the Court shall issue summons and the United States Marshal 15 shall serve, without prepayment of fees, a copy of the operative complaint in this matter 16 (Dkt. No. 12), all attachments thereto, on defendants at Salinas Valley State Prison: 17 A. Camacho, a physical therapist; Carl Bourne, a doctor; Danilo Paraguya, a registered 18 nurse; O.T. Kim, a doctor; Michael Yeh, a doctor; and Allen Wong, a doctor, and orders 19 these defendants to respond to the cognizable claims raised in the complaint. 20 2. Service on these defendants shall proceed under the California Department 21 of Corrections and Rehabilitation’s e-service program for civil rights cases from prisoners 22 in CDCR custody. In accordance with the program, the Clerk is directed to serve on 23 CDCR via email the following documents: the operative complaint (Docket No. 12) and 24 its attachments; this Order; a CDCR Report of E-Service Waiver form; and a summons. 25 The Clerk also shall serve a copy of this Order on the plaintiff. 26 3. No later than 40 days after service of this order via email on CDCR, CDCR 27 shall provide the Court a completed CDCR Report of E-Service Waiver advising the Court 1 for service by the United States Marshal Service (USMS) and which defendant(s) decline 2 to waive service or could not be reached. CDCR also shall provide a copy of the CDCR 3 Report of E-Service Waiver to the California Attorney General’s Office which, within 21 4 days, shall file with the Court a waiver of service of process for the defendant(s) who are 5 waiving service. 6 4. Upon receipt of the CDCR Report of E-Service Waiver, the Clerk shall 7 prepare for each defendant who has not waived service according to the CDCR Report of 8 E-Service Waiver a USM-285 Form. The Clerk shall provide to the USMS the completed 9 USM-285 forms and copies of this Order, the summons and the complaint for service upon 10 each defendant who has not waived service. 11 5. Defendants shall file an answer in accordance with the Federal Rules of Civil 12 Procedure. 13 6. On or before April 20, 2026, if appropriate, defendants shall file a motion 14 for summary judgment or other dispositive motion with respect to the claim(s) in the 15 complaint found to be cognizable above. 16 a. If defendants elect to file a motion to dismiss on the grounds plaintiff 17 failed to exhaust his available administrative remedies as required by 42 U.S.C. 18 § 1997e(a), defendants shall do so in a motion for summary judgment, as required by 19 Albino v. Baca, 747 F.3d 1162 (9th Cir. 2014). 20 b. Any motion for summary judgment shall be supported by adequate 21 factual documentation and shall conform in all respects to Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of 22 Civil Procedure. Defendants are advised that summary judgment cannot be granted, nor 23 qualified immunity found, if material facts are in dispute. If any defendant is of the 24 opinion that this case cannot be resolved by summary judgment, he shall so inform the 25 Court prior to the date the summary judgment motion is due. 26 7. Plaintiff’s opposition to the dispositive motion shall be filed with the Court 27 and served on defendants no later than forty-five (45) days from the date defendants’ 1 8. Defendants shall file a reply brief no later than fifteen (15) days after 2 plaintiff’s opposition is filed. 3 9. The motion shall be deemed submitted as of the date the reply brief is due. 4 No hearing will be held on the motion unless the Court so orders at a later date. 5 10. All communications by the plaintiff with the Court must be served on 6 defendants, or on defendants’ counsel once counsel has been designated, by mailing a true 7 copy of the document to defendants or defendants’ counsel. 8 11. Discovery may be taken in accordance with the Federal Rules of Civil 9 Procedure. No further court order under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 30(a)(2) or Local 10 Rule 16-1 is required before the parties may conduct discovery. 11 Plaintiff is reminded that state prisoners may review all non-confidential material in 12 their medical and central files, pursuant to In re Olson, 37 Cal. App. 3d 783 (Cal. Ct. App. 13 1974); 15 California Code of Regulations § 3370; and the CDCR’s Department Operations 14 Manual §§ 13030.4, 13030.16, 13030.16.1-13030.16.3, 13030.21, and 71010.11.1. 15 Requests to review these files or for copies of materials in them must be made directly to 16 jail or prison officials, not to the Court. 17 12. It is plaintiff’s responsibility to prosecute this case. Plaintiff must keep the 18 Court informed of any change of address and must comply with the Court’s orders in a 19 timely fashion. Failure to do so may result in the dismissal of this action for failure to 20 prosecute pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b). 21 13. Extensions of time must be filed no later than the deadline sought to be 22 extended and must be accompanied by a showing of good cause. 23 14. A decision from the Ninth Circuit requires that pro se prisoner-plaintiffs be 24 given “notice of what is required of them in order to oppose” summary judgment motions 25 at the time of filing of the motions, rather than when the court orders service of process or 26 otherwise before the motions are filed. Woods v. Carey, 684 F.3d 934, 939-41 (9th Cir. 27 2012). Defendants shall provide the following notice to plaintiff when he files and serves ! The defendants have made a motion for summary judgment by which they 2 seek to have your case dismissed. A motion for summary judgment under Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure will, if granted, end your 3 case. 4 . . Rule 56 tells you what you must do in order to oppose a motion for summary 5 judgment. Generally, summary judgment must be granted when there is no 6 genuine issue of material fact — that is, if there is no real dispute about any fact that would affect the result of your case, the party who asked for 7 summary judgment is entitled to judgment as a matter of law, which will end your case. When a party you are suing makes a motion for summary 8 judgment that is properly supported by declarations (or other sworn 9 testimony), you cannot simply rely on what your complaint says. Instead, you must set out specific facts in declarations, depositions, answers to 10 interrogatories, or authenticated documents, as provided in Rule 56(e), that i contradict the facts shown in the defendants’ declarations and documents and show that there is a genuine issue of material fact for trial. If you do not 12 submit your own evidence in opposition, summary judgment, if appropriate, may be entered against you. If summary judgment is granted, your case will 13 be dismissed and there will be no trial.

14 |! Rand v. Rowland, 154 F.3d 952, 962-963 (9th Cir. 1998). © 15 15. No hearing will be held on any motion unless I specifically order one. A 16 16. The Clerk shall terminate all defendants with the exceptions of A. Camacho;

= 17 Carl Bourne; Danilo Paraguya; O.T. Kim; Michael Yeh; and Allen Wong.

Z 18 IT IS SO ORDERED.

19 || Dated: December 22, 2025 Vo MUQe 20

IAM H. ORRICK

21 United States District Judge 22 23 24 25 26 27 28