NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS JAN 12 2026

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES, No. 25-4575 LLC, D.C. No. 3:24-cv-01333-JO-MSB Plaintiff - Appellee,

v. MEMORANDUM*

INTERVENING ADVISORS,

Defendant - Appellant,

and

LPL FINANCIAL, LLC,

Defendant.

AMERIPRISE FINANCIAL SERVICES, No. 25-4576

LLC,

D.C. No. Plaintiff - Appellee, 3:24-cv-01333-JO-MSB

v.

LPL FINANCIAL, LLC,

Defendant - Appellant,

and

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

INTERVENING ADVISORS,

Defendant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of California Jinsook Ohta, District Judge, Presiding

Argued and Submitted November 17, 2025 Pasadena, California

Before: CLIFTON, OWENS, and DE ALBA, Circuit Judges.

Appellant LPL Financial, LLC (“LPL”) appeals from the district court’s

“Order Dismissing Motion to Intervene [Dkt. 60] & Motion to Enforce

Compliance with Stipulated Order [Dkt. 88]” (“July 18 order”). Appellants

Intervening Advisors—Loyd Bouldin, Wade Cardon, Bryan Hutto, Joshua

Lambert, Cody Mares, Martial Martinoni, Steven Schwartz, Samuel Sigler, Keith

Smith, and Kevin Sullivan (“Advisors”)—appeal from the July 18 order denying

their motions to intervene as a matter of right and permissively pursuant to Federal

Rules of Civil Procedure 24(a)(2) and 24(b)(1), respectively. As the parties are

familiar with the facts, we do not recount them here. Appellee Ameriprise

Financial Services, LLC’s (“Ameriprise”) argument to the contrary

notwithstanding, we have jurisdiction over Advisors’ appeal from the denial of

intervention as a matter of right pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291 because the district

court denied intervention altogether. See Stringfellow v. Concerned Neighbors in

2 25-4575 Action, 480 U.S. 370, 377 (1987). We conclude that Advisors met the

requirements for intervention as a matter of right; vacate the July 18 order; remand

this case for further proceedings consistent with this disposition; and order the

district court to grant, on remand, Advisors’ Rule 24(a) motion and permit the

immediate intervention of Advisors into these proceedings.

“Denial of a motion to intervene as of right is reviewed de novo, except for

the timeliness prong which is reviewed for an abuse of discretion.” Allen v.

Bedolla, 787 F.3d 1218, 1222 (9th Cir. 2015).

The district court abused its discretion in finding that Advisors’ motion to

intervene as a matter of right was untimely as each of the relevant factors indicated

timeliness. See League of United Latin Am. Citizens v. Wilson, 131 F.3d 1297,

1302 (9th Cir. 1997). First, the stage of the proceedings indicated timeliness, i.e.,

the existing parties had diverging interpretations of the Stipulated Order, which is

why the Stipulated Order was brought back to the district court for re-review. See

United States v. Oregon, 745 F.2d 550, 552 (9th Cir. 1984).

Second, the motion to intervene presented no prejudice to the existing

parties, indicating timeliness. See Smith v. L.A. Unified Sch. Dist., 830 F.3d 843,

857 (9th Cir. 2016). The Stipulated Order had largely lay dormant since December

12, 2024—when it was issued—given the parties’ and Advisors’ disagreement

over its interpretation. It was not until the hearing on July 17, 2025, that the

3 25-4575 district court took up the disagreement and, at the same time, denied Advisors’

motion to intervene.

Third, the reason for and length of the delay indicates timeliness. Advisors

did not move to intervene sooner because it was not until they received a March

14, 2025, memorandum from LPL and Ameriprise that they knew or should have

known that their interests were not adequately represented in the case. See

Oregon, 745 F.2d at 552. The delay between March 14, 2025, and the time that

Advisors moved to intervene is approximately two months, which—in the context

of this case—is not excessive. Cf. League of United Latin Am. Citizens, 131 F.3d

at 1304 (noting “that additional delay is not alone decisive,” but concluding that a

27-month delay was untimely when “the litigation was, by all accounts, beginning

to wind itself down”). Accordingly, Advisors’ motion to intervene was timely, and

the district court abused its discretion in concluding otherwise.

The district court did not sufficiently address the remaining three

intervention factors.1 Each one tips toward intervention. First, Advisors have a

“significantly protectable” interest that is implicated in this case. See Wilderness

1 While we normally would not reach issues for the first time on appeal, the factors for intervention as a matter of right were “adequately briefed, here and before the district court”; “[t]he merits of [the] motion are clear”; and “the district court’s failure to reach [the remaining intervention factors] is immaterial, as we would have reviewed its analysis de novo.” See Kalbers v. U.S. Dep’t of Just., 22 F.4th 816, 827 (9th Cir. 2021) (footnote omitted).

4 25-4575 Soc’y v. U.S. Forest Serv., 630 F.3d 1173, 1176 (9th Cir. 2011) (en banc) (internal

quotation marks and citation omitted). Specifically, Advisors have a possessory

interest in their devices and repositories, which are subject to a search under the

Stipulated Order.2 See Brewster v. Beck, 859 F.3d 1194, 1196 (9th Cir. 2017);

Sierra Club v. EPA, 995 F.2d 1478, 1482–83 (9th Cir. 1993).

Second, the Stipulated Order “may, as a practical matter, impair or impede

[Advisors’] ability to protect [their] interest.” See United States v. Alisal Water

Corp., 370 F.3d 915, 919 (9th Cir. 2004) (internal quotation marks and citation

omitted). To search Advisors’ devices and repositories, as the Stipulated Order

requires, may necessitate the installation of software on Advisors’ devices, if not

the physical surrender of the devices and repositories. This could impair or impede

Advisors’ ability to protect their possessory interest in their devices and

repositories. See Brewster, 859 F.3d at 1196; Sierra Club, 995 F.2d at 1482–83.

Third, Advisors have shown that “representation of [their] interest may be

inadequate—a minimal burden.” See Kalbers, 22 F.4th at 828 (internal quotation

marks, citation, and emphasis omitted). As Advisors aptly argued, Advisors did

not interpret the Stipulated Order as applying as broadly as the March 14, 2025,

memorandum suggested. See id.

2 Accordingly, we need not address the other significantly protectable interests that Advisors claim.

5 25-4575 We therefore hold that Advisors met all the requirements to intervene as a

matter of right, VACATE the July 18 order, and REMAND this case for further

proceedings consistent with this disposition. We INSTRUCT the district court to

grant, on remand, Advisors’ Rule 24(a) motion and permit the immediate

intervention of Advisors into these proceedings.3

VACATED AND REMANDED WITH INSTRUCTIONS.4

3 Advisors argue that they are entitled to a stay of this case pending the outcome of arbitration pursuant to Section 3 of the Federal Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. § 1 et seq. We decline to reach this issue. See Planned Parenthood of Greater Wash. & N. Idaho v. U.S. Dep’t of Health & Human Servs., 946 F.3d 1100, 1110 (9th Cir. 2020). Advisors admit that Ameriprise has not briefed the Section 3 issue at the district court. Cf. Thigpen v. Roberts, 468 U.S. 27, 32 (1984) (expressing “little hesitation” in deciding an issue for the first time because, among other things, the parties’ briefs from below were before it). Nor can the issue be decided by “a straightforward application of controlling precedent.” Cf. id. at 33. In fact, contrary to Advisors’ argument, this court has noted—in the context of the Rules of Arbitration of the International Chamber of Commerce, which Advisors argue are similar to Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Rules—that temporary injunctive relief is sometimes available through “any competent judicial authority” after the commencement of arbitration proceedings. Toyo Tire Holdings of Ams. Inc. v. Cont’l Tire N. Am., Inc., 609 F.3d 975, 979 (9th Cir. 2010) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). 4 LPL’s appeal and Advisors’ appeal of the denial of permissive intervention are DISMISSED as moot. All issues raised in connection with Advisors’ appeal of the denial of intervention as a matter of right—except for those addressed in this disposition—are moot. We DENY LPL’s motion to seal (No. 25-4576, Dkt. No. 12.1). LPL offers only speculative fears of reputational harm in support of its motion. Such fears, on their own, do not overcome the strong common law presumption in favor of public access to court proceedings and records. See Kamakana v. City & Cnty. of Honolulu, 447 F.3d 1172, 1179 (9th Cir. 2006); see also Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. v. Fed. Trade Comm’n, 710 F.2d 1165, 1179 (6th Cir. 1983) (concluding that “[s]imply showing” release of information “would harm the company’s reputation” is an insufficient reason to seal a judicial

6 25-4575 record). We DENY Ameriprise’s motion for judicial notice (No. 25-4575, Dkt. No. 66; No. 25-4576, Dkt. No. 72). The contents of Ameriprise’s answering brief in a related appeal “are not a matter of which the court can take judicial notice.” See Hornish v. King County, 899 F.3d 680, 702–03 (9th Cir. 2018).