Labrador

FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

NORTHWEST ASSOCIATION OF No. 25-2491

INDEPENDENT SCHOOLS; SUN

D.C. No.

VALLEY COMMUNITY SCHOOL,

1:24-cv-00335-

INC.; FOOTHILLS SCHOOL OF

AKB

ARTS AND SCIENCES, INC.,

Plaintiffs - Appellants,

OPINION

and

COMMUNITY LIBRARY

ASSOCIATION, INC., COLLISTER

UNITED METHODIST CHURCH,

INC., MARY HOLLIS ZIMMER,

MATTHEW PODOLSKY, JEREMY

WALLACE, on behalf of his minor child, A.W., CHRISTINA LEIDECKER, on behalf of herself and her minor child, S.L.,

Plaintiffs,

v.

RAUL LABRADOR, in his capacity as the Attorney General for the State of Idaho; JAN M. BENNETTS, in her capacity as Prosecuting Attorney NW. ASS’N OF INDEP. SCHOOLS V. LABRADOR

for Ada County, Idaho; MATTHEW

E. FREDBACK, Attorney, in his

capacity as Prosecuting Attorney for Blaine County, Idaho,

Defendants - Appellees.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Idaho Amanda K. Brailsford, District Judge, Presiding

Argued and Submitted November 3, 2025 Portland, Oregon

Filed January 29, 2026

Before: MILAN D. SMITH, JR., JACQUELINE H. NGUYEN, and HOLLY A. THOMAS, Circuit Judges.

Opinion by…