NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FEB 5 2026

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

REQUILMER OTTONIEL ANGEL- No. 20-70417 JOACHIN, AKA Marcos Javier-Angel, Agency No. A208-577-113 Petitioner,

v. MEMORANDUM*

PAMELA BONDI, Attorney General,

Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals

Submitted February 3, 2026** Pasadena, California

Before: LEE, KOH, and DE ALBA, Circuit Judges.

Petitioner Requilmer Ottoniel Angel-Joachin (“Petitioner” or “Angel-

Joachin”), a citizen of Guatemala, seeks review of a Board of Immigration

Appeals’ (“BIA”) decision dismissing his appeal from an Immigration Judge’s

(“IJ”) order denying his applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). protection under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We have jurisdiction

pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252 and deny the petition.

Where, as here, the BIA agrees with the IJ’s reasoning and supplements that

reasoning with its own analysis, this Court may review both decisions to the extent

the BIA, in reaching its decision, relied on the grounds considered by the IJ. See

Bhattarai v. Lynch, 835 F.3d 1037, 1042 (9th Cir. 2016); Santiago-Rodriguez v.

Holder, 657 F.3d 820, 829 (9th Cir. 2011). This Court reviews the BIA’s factual

findings under the highly deferential substantial evidence standard and reviews de

novo both purely legal questions and mixed questions of law and fact. See

Mendoza-Pablo v. Holder, 667 F.3d 1308, 1312 (9th Cir. 2012).

1. Substantial evidence supports the BIA and the IJ’s conclusion that

Petitioner’s proposed particular social group (“PSG”) is not cognizable, which

alone forecloses his eligibility for asylum. Critically, Angel-Joachin failed to

provide any evidence that Guatemalan society perceives his proposed PSG of

“witnesses who assist authorities with an investigation and provide statements to

authorities against gang members” as socially distinct. Petitioner unsuccessfully

attempts to compare the facts of his case to those of Henriquez-Rivas v. Holder,

707 F.3d 1081, 1092 (9th Cir. 2013) (en banc), where this Court reversed the

BIA’s holding that Henriquez-Rivas’ PSG of people testifying against gang

members was not socially distinct. However, in Henriquez-Rivas, this Court noted

2 that Salvadoran society recognized people testifying against gang members as

distinct in its society as exemplified by the “Salvadoran legislature enact[ing] a

special witness protection law in 2006 to protect people who testify against violent

criminal elements.” See id. at 1092. Whereas, here, Angel Joachin only points to

two State Department Human Rights Reports from 2015 and 2016. The reports

detail the serious problems of gang violence and corruption in Guatemala but do

not compel the conclusion that Guatemalan society recognizes those who have

witnessed and reported a crime as socially distinct. See Conde Quevedo v. Barr,

947 F.3d 1238, 1243 (9th Cir. 2020) (“[N]one of those documents discusses

reporting gang violence to police, or any risks or barriers associated with doing so.

Nor, critically, does any of those documents assert that Guatemalan society

recognizes those who, without more, report gang violence as a distinct group.”)

(emphasis in original).

2. Since Angel-Joachin has not met the standard for asylum, he cannot

meet the higher burden of demonstrating eligibility for withholding of removal.

See Kumar v. Gonzales, 439 F.3d 520, 525 (9th Cir. 2006); Zehatye v. Gonzales,

453 F.3d 1182, 1190 (9th Cir. 2006).

3. Based on the record here, “a reasonable factfinder would not be

compelled to find [Petitioner] eligible for CAT protection” because he did not

establish governmental acquiescence to torture. See Tamang v. Holder, 598 F.3d

3 1083, 1095 (9th Cir. 2010). Notably, the Guatemalan government investigated the

murder of Petitioner’s mother, and arrested, convicted, and sentenced her assailant

to thirty years in prison. See Umana-Escobar v. Garland, 69 F.4th 544, 553 (9th

Cir. 2023) (holding that an article stating that many authorities collude with

criminals does not compel the conclusion that the government would acquiesce in

torture against the petitioner where the authorities investigated, arrested, and

convicted petitioner’s father’s murderer).

PETITION DENIED.1

1 This Court does not address arguments presented in the parties’ briefs that the BIA declined to consider because it did not need to do so. See INS v. Bagamasbad, 429 U.S. 24, 25 (1976).

4