Hodges

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FEB 26 2026

MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

DENNIS HODGES, an individual, No. 24-7093 D.C. No. Plaintiff - Appellant, 3:23-cv-02065-W-MSB v.

MEMORANDUM*

TODD GLORIA, both in his personal capacity and in his official capacity as the Mayor of the City of San Diego,

Defendant - Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of California Michael S. Berg, Magistrate Judge, Presiding

Argued and Submitted December 3, 2025 Pasadena, California

Before: CALLAHAN and KOH, Circuit Judges, and BARKER, District Judge. ** Concurrence by Judge BARKER.

Dennis Hodges, a correctional officer and religious pastor, challenges San

Diego Mayor Gloria’s veto of his reappointment as a voluntary member to the

City’s Police Advisory Board (“Advisory Board”) as violating his First

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The Honorable J. Campbell Barker, United States District Judge for the Eastern District of…