Freeman

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MAR 2 2026

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

CHARLES FREEMAN, individually and on No. 24-6158 behalf of all others similarly situated; D.C. No. TIGRAN MELKONYAN; ARI SHOFET; 3:23-cv-00101-RFL

SHAWN MALL; BENJAMIN FERRIS;

BRYAN CHAPMAN; NANDAN ARORA;

SHAFIQ RAJANI; VIJAY MEMORANDUM*

CHRISTOPHER; MARC ASHBY;

VINCENT VAN BUSKIRK; LAWRENCE

MANICKAM; EDMUNDO PENA,

Plaintiffs - Appellants,

v.

3COMMAS TECHNOLOGIES OU, an Estonian Private Limited Company,

Defendant - Appellee.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California Rita F. Lin, District Judge, Presiding

Argued and Submitted December 4, 2025 San Francisco, California

Before: RAWLINSON, MILLER, and SANCHEZ, Circuit Judges. Dissent by Judge MILLER.

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. Plaintiffs appeal the district court’s dismissal of their class action against

3Commas…