FILED

NOT FOR PUBLICATION

MAR 4 2026

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK

U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

WILBERT ORELLANA-RIVAS, No. 25-1713

Petitioner, Agency Nos.

A205-465-882

v.

MEMORANDUM*

PAMELA BONDI, Attorney General,

Respondent.

On Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals*

Submitted March 2, 2026** San Francisco, California

Before: S.R. THOMAS and GOULD, Circuit Judges, and MORRIS, District Judge.***

Wilbert Orellana-Rivas, native and citizen of El Salvador, petitions for

review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) dismissal of his appeal of an

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). *** The Honorable Brian Morris, United States District Chief Judge for the District of Montana, sitting by designation. Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) denial of asylum, withholding of removal, and

Convention Against Torture (“CAT”) relief. Because the parties are familiar with

the factual and procedural history of the case, we need not recount it here. We

deny the petition for review.

We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. “Our review is limited to those

grounds explicitly relied upon by the BIA. Where the BIA writes its own decision,

as it did here, we review the BIA’s decision, except to the extent it expressly

adopts the IJ’s decision.” Diaz-Reynoso v. Barr, 968 F.3d 1070, 1075-76 (9th Cir.

2020) (brackets and internal citations omitted). We review the BIA’s

determinations on questions of law de novo. Id. at 1076. “Whether [Orellana-

Rivas’s] particular social group is cognizable is a question of law.” Id. We review

the BIA’s factual findings for substantial evidence and those findings “should be

upheld ‘unless the evidence compels a contrary result.’” Id.

I

Because Orellana-Rivas did not challenge the agency’s conclusion that he

was ineligible for asylum for failure to demonstrate that the authorities were unable

or unwilling to control the persecuting party, we need not decide whether the

agency properly determined that Orellana-Rivas was ineligible for asylum because

his application was untimely and not excused by extraordinary circumstances.

2 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2). Nor do we need to decide whether the agency erred in

concluding that Orellana-Rivas’s proposed social group was not cognizable.

In its analysis, the agency concluded that there is no record evidence that the

authorities were unable or unwilling to control his father, who allegedly committed

the domestic abuse that was the basis of his claim. This holding defeats asylum

eligibility. See 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42). Orellana-Rivas did not challenge this

finding with the BIA, nor does he challenge it here. He has therefore waived any

challenge to the agency’s finding that the police are unable or unwilling to protect

him. Lopez-Vasquez v. Holder, 706 F.3d 1072, 1080-81 (9th Cir. 2013). Thus, his

asylum claim based on past persecution necessarily fails.

II

The agency did not err in determining that Orellana-Rivas was ineligible for

asylum because of a well-founded fear of future persecution. He did not raise the

threat of future persecution on account of gang violence in El Salvador with the IJ,

so this is not exhausted. See 8 U.S.C. § 1252(d)(1). He did not challenge the IJ’s

conclusion that his father’s prior abuse did not create a well-founded fear of future

persecution with the BIA nor does he challenge it here. Thus, any challenge is

waived. Lopez-Vasquez, 706 F.3d at 1080-81.

3

III

The agency did not err by denying Orellana-Rivas’s withholding of removal

claim. The failure to demonstrate a “reasonable possibility” of future persecution

for asylum “necessarily” defeats the “more stringent standard for withholding of

removal.” Silva v. Garland, 993 F.3d 705, 719 (9th Cir. 2021).

IV

The agency did not err by denying Orellana-Rivas’s application for CAT

relief. Although the agency determined the domestic abuse in El Salvador rose to

past persecution, the agency concluded it did not rise to past torture. There is little

evidence in the record to suggest that it is “more likely than not” that Orellana-

Rivas would be tortured if removed to El Salvador. 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(c)(2). As

with his asylum claim, Orellana-Rivas fails to identify evidence in the record

sufficient to establish that any torture would be “by, or at the instigation of, or with

the consent or acquiescence of, a public official . . . or other person acting in an

official capacity.” 8 C.F.R. § 1208.18(a)(1).

PETITION DENIED.

4