Pacito

FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

PACITO; ESTHER; JOSEPHINE; Nos. 25-1313,

SARA; ALYAS; MARCOS; 25-1939

AHMED; RACHEL; ALI; HIAS,

INC.; CHURCH WORLD SERVICE,

D.C. No.

INC.; LUTHERAN COMMUNITY

2:25-cv-00255-

SERVICES NORTHWEST,

JNW

Plaintiffs - Appellees,

OPINION

v.

DONALD J. TRUMP, in his official capacity as President of the United States; MARCO RUBIO, in his official capacity as Secretary of State; KRISTI NOEM, in her official capacity as Secretary of Homeland Security; ROBERT F. KENNEDY JR., in his official capacity as Secretary of Health and Human Services,

Defendants - Appellants.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington Jamal N. Whitehead, District Judge, Presiding Argued and Submitted September 3, 2025 Pasadena, California

Filed March 5, 2026

Before: Richard R. Clifton, Jay S. Bybee, and Kenneth K. Lee, Circuit Judges.

Opinion by Judge Bybee; Partial Dissent by Judge Lee

SUMMARY *

Immigration

The panel affirmed in part and reversed in part the district court’s preliminary injunctions prohibiting enforcement or…