Santosa

MEMORANDUM

Ferdinandus Hudi Santosa and his family, natives and citizens of Indonesia, petition for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) order dismissing their appeal from an immigration judge’s decision denying their application for asylum. We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252 . We review for substantial evidence, Wak kary v. Holder, 558 F.3d 1049, 1056 (9th Cir.2009), and we deny the petition for review.

Substantial evidence supports the BIA’s finding that petitioners failed to establish past persecution because the harassment and discrimination petitioners experienced as a result of their Christian religion did not rise to the level of persecution, see id. at 1059-60 , and Indonesian authorities were able to control the protesters at petitioners’ 1999 concert, see Nahrvani v. Gonzales, 399 F.3d 1148, 1154 (9th Cir.2005). In addition, we reject petitioners’ contention that the BIA erred because it did not expressly state it considered the harm of their past experiences in Indonesia cumulatively. See Najmabadi v. Holder, 597 F.3d 983, 990 (9th Cir.2010) (“[t]he [BIA] does not have to write an exegesis on every contention.”) (internal quotes…