Salazar

This ease involves the seizure and administrative forfeiture of two leopard trophies by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service (“FWS”) from two hunters, Patricio Miguel Madero Blasquez and Colin Crook (“plaintiffs”), who attempted to import the leopard trophies from African countries without proper export permits. Plaintiffs and Conservation Force, a non profit entity, filed suit against federal defendants Ken Salazar (Secretary of the Department of the Interior), Rowan Gould (Director of FWS), Daniel Shillito (Regional Solicitor for the Department of the Interior), Carolyn Lown (Regional Assistant Solicitor for the Department of the Interi- or), and the FWS asserting that the administrative forfeiture of their leopard trophies violated the Civil Asset Forfeiture Reform Act of 2000 (“CAFRA”), the Eighth Amendment Excessive Fines Clause, and the Due Process Clause. We affirm the district court’s dismissal of plaintiffs’ CAFRA and constitutional claims.

I. Background

In this case, plaintiffs separately hunted leopards in two different African countries and then attempted to import the leopard trophies with deficient export permits. In July 2007, Blasquez hunted his…