■ MEMORANDUM DECISION

BACKGROUND

Effective July 1, 1988, 47 U.S.C. § 223 (b) was amended by the Telephone Decency Act to provide:

Plaintiff, a major purveyor of 976 IAS dial-a-porn messages, has moved for a preliminary injunction (the parties having stipulated that pending the hearing, defendants will not enforce § 223(b) against plaintiff).

A concrete controversy exists. See Sable Communications, Inc. v. FCC, 827 F.2d 640 (9th Cir.1987) (addressing challenge to pre-amended § 223(b)). In fact, plaintiff has been “chilled” — it has “softened” its messages. Since invasion of First Amendment rights is at issue, plaintiff has unquestionably met the irreparable injury requirement. Elrod v. Burns, 427 U.S. 347, 373 , 96 S.Ct. 2673, 2689 , 49 L.Ed.2d 547 (1976).

INDECENT SPEECH

What is at issue is the breadth to be given to FCC v. Pacifica Found., 438 U.S. 726 , 98 S.Ct. 3026 , 57 L.Ed.2d 1073 (1978). The Court concludes that Pacifica does not reach § 223(b); thus, that in the final analysis the statute in its present form is overbroad and unconstitutional, at least insofar as it applies to “indecent” communications.

First, Pacifica itself emphasized its own narrowness. Id. at 750-51, 98 S.Ct. at 3041 . The narrowness of Pacifica’s holding was reiterated by the Court in Bolger v. Youngs Drug Prod. Corp., 463 U.S. 60 , 103 S.Ct. 2875 , 77 L.Ed.2d 469 (1983). As the Second Circuit noted:

Carlin Communications, Inc. v. FCC, 749 F.2d 113 , 120 (2d Cir.1984) (quoting Bolger, 463 U.S. at 74 , 103 S.Ct. at 2884 ). See also Cruz v. Ferre, 755 F.2d 1415 (11th Cir.1985) (Pacifica does not apply to cable television).

This narrow reading of Pacifica is consistent with Ninth Circuit precedent. “The First Amendment does not permit a flat-out ban of indecent as opposed to' obscene speech; the adult population may not be reduced to ‘hearing only what is fit for child.’ ” Carlin Communications, Inc. v. Mountain States Tel. & Tel. Co., 827 F.2d 1291 , 1296 (9th Cir.1987) (quoting Butler v. Michigan, 352 U.S. 380, 383 , 77 S.Ct. 524, 526 , 1 L.Ed.2d 412 (1957)), cert. denied, — U.S. -, 108 S.Ct. 1586 , 99 L.Ed.2d 901 (1988).

While the government unquestionably has a legitimate interest in, e.g., protecting children from exposure to indecent dial-a-porn messages, § 223(b) is not narrowly drawn to achieve any such purpose. Its flat-out ban of indecent speech is contrary to the First Amendment. Mountain States Tel., 827 F.2d at 1296 .

OBSCENE SPEECH

On the other hand, obscene speech is unprotected by the First Amendment. Miller v. California, 413 U.S. 15 , 93 S.Ct. 2607 , 37 L.Ed.2d 419 (1973). Plaintiff does not argue against this well-established proposition. Rather, plaintiff contends that § 223(b) abolishes Miller’s community standard requirement and, in effect, establishes a single national standard, subjecting its dial-a-porn messages to the most puritanical standard that exists anywhere in the country. The Second Circuit has already addressed this contention and found it wanting:

Carlin Communications, Inc. v. FCC, 837 F.2d 546 , 561 (2d Cir.1988) (addressing preamended § 223(b)) (citations omitted). In light of this square holding (the amendment of § 223(b) does not affect the validity of the Second Circuit’s analysis), the Court concludes that plaintiff cannot meet even the alternative test — that a serious question is raised. American Motorcyclist Ass’n v. Watt, 714 F.2d 962, 965 (9th Cir. 1983). More importantly, if a preliminary injunction were to issue, it would mean that plaintiff would be free to transmit obscene dial-a-porn messages. Beyond doubt the public interest would be disserved by such a preliminary injunction and effect on the public interest is a factor which the Court must consider. Id. at 967 .

SEVERABILITY

In view of these divergent conclusions on the two parts of § 223(b), the Court must next consider whether the “obscene” and “indecent” components of the statute are severable from each other — whether Congress would have enacted the one without the other. An unconstitutional provision is presumptively severable and that presumption should be applied. “Unless it is evident that the Legislature would not have enacted those provisions which are within its power, independently of that which is not, the invalid part may be dropped if what is left is fully operative as a law.” Regan v. Time, Inc., 468 U.S. 641, 653 , 104 S.Ct. 3262, 3269 , 82 L.Ed.2d 487 (1984) (White, J.) (citations omitted). See also Brockett v. Spokane Arcades Inc., 472 U.S. 491 , 105 S.Ct. 2794 , 86 L.Ed.2d 394 (1985) (applying “normal” rule of severability to First Amendment case to sever “lust” from otherwise constitutional anti-obscenity statute). Here, no reason appears, certainly not at the preliminary injunction stage, not to apply the normal rule of severability.

CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, a preliminary injunction shall issue prohibiting enforcement of § 223(b) as to any communication alleged to be “indecent.” The motion for a preliminary injunction is otherwise denied.