BACKGROUND

In this appeal, appellant Grayton (representing himself) has not filed a reporter's

transcript or settled statement setting forth the evidence presented to the trial court at the

hearing on the restraining order. As we shall explain below, the absence of this

information restricts our ability to review appellant's contentions.

The record on appeal includes the trial court's order granting Alfaro's request for a

civil harassment restraining order against appellant. The restraining order was granted on

January 3, 2013, and expires on January 3, 2016. (Code of Civ. Proc., § 527.6.) The

order states that Alfaro and appellant represented themselves at the hearing, and Alfaro's

niece (Leslie Peralta) served as a Spanish interpreter for Alfaro. Alfaro and appellant

testified at the hearing, and Alfaro submitted into evidence phone text messages.

Appellant was ordered to stay 100 yards away from Alfaro; not to have any contact with

her, including by phone or message; not to harass, stalk, threaten, or assault her; and not

to destroy her property. The order prohibits appellant from acquiring a gun and requires

him to dispose of any guns he owns.

The court denied appellant's cross-petition, stating there was "not sufficient

provocation for the threats that [appellant] made in the text messages" to Alfaro.

DISCUSSION

I. Substantial Evidence

Appellant asserts the court erred in issuing the restraining order because there is

insufficient evidence to support a finding that he threatened Alfaro with physical

violence. He contends the statements he made to Alfaro were mere words that carried no

2 imminent threat of physical force; his words were protected free speech; and Alfaro's

evidence was not properly authenticated.

On appellate review of a trial court's order, we are required to resolve all factual

conflicts and questions of credibility in favor of the prevailing party and draw all

reasonable inferences in favor of the order. (Schild v. Rubin (1991) 232 Cal.App.3d 755,

762.) Further, we must presume the trial court's order is correct, and the appellant has the

burden to provide an adequate record to overcome this presumption. (Gee v. American

Realty & Construction, Inc. (2002) 99 Cal.App.4th 1412, 1416.)

Here, appellant did not provide a reporter's transcript or a settled statement that

would reflect what evidence was presented and considered at the hearing. (See Cal.

Rules of Court, rule 8.137(a)(2)(B) [settled statement may be used if hearing was not

reported].) "[I]n the absence of a record of the evidence received at the hearing it will be

presumed that the trial court acted duly and regularly and received substantial evidence to

support its findings." (Stevens v. Stevens (1954) 129 Cal.App.2d 19, 20.) Accordingly,

an appellant who challenges an order without supplying a reporter's transcript or settled

statement of the proceedings cannot prevail on a challenge to the sufficiency of the

evidence. (Estate of Fain (1999) 75 Cal.App.4th 973, 992; Pringle v. La Chapelle (1999)

73 Cal.App.4th 1000, 1003.)

The record on appeal includes the court's order granting the restraining order, and

several other documents filed in court, including appellant's response to Alfaro's request

for a restraining order; a request for and notice of a new hearing date; a motion in limine

filed by appellant; and a complaint filed by appellant in small claims court. None of

3 these documents contains a full exposition of the evidence presented at the hearing on the

restraining order. Accordingly, we are unable to meaningfully consider appellant's

substantial evidence challenges, and must presume the order is supported by the evidence

presented at the hearing.

II. Due Process and Constitutional Rights

Appellant raises numerous arguments to support his claims that his due process

and constitutional rights were violated by the issuance of the restraining order. He

contends the court erred in its rulings on his motion in limine and request for discovery

from Alfaro's employer, which would have allowed him to obtain exculpatory evidence

and to prevent Alfaro from presenting prejudicial evidence. Although appellant has

included some of his pleadings concerning these matters in the appellate record, he has

not provided an appellate record reflecting what the court considered when ruling on his

submissions. Absent this information, we must presume the court acted reasonably and

correctly without violating appellant's rights. (Stevens v. Stevens, supra, 129 Cal.App.2d

at p. 20.)

Appellant asserts his rights were violated because the court failed to give him

notice and advisements concerning his legal rights and the consequences of its order, and

the court allowed Alfaro's niece to act as Alfaro's interpreter. Again, because the

appellate record does not show what transpired at the hearing, we cannot meaningfully

review these claims and must assume the court acted properly.

Appellant argues that he had a right to a jury trial at the hearing on Alfaro's

restraining order request. The contention is unavailing. The constitutional right to a jury

4 trial applies to actions at law, but not to actions in equity such as a request for a

restraining order. (See People v. Englebrecht (2001) 88 Cal.App.4th 1236, 1245.)

Appellant has not shown error in the trial court's granting of the restraining order.

DISPOSITION

The order is affirmed. Appellant to bear costs on appeal.

HALLER, J.

WE CONCUR:

MCCONNELL, P. J.

MCINTYRE, J.

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