Cir

MEMORANDUM

Peter C. Bronson, an attorney, and Carolyn P. Bronson appeal pro se from the Tax Court’s decisions, after a bench trial, upholding the Commissioner of Internal Revenue’s determination of income tax deficiencies for tax years 2001-05, and liability for an understatement penalty in tax years 2004 and 2005. We have jurisdiction under 26 U.S.C. § 7482 (a)(1). We review de novo the Tax Court’s legal conclusions, Ann Jackson Family Found, v. Comm’r, 15 F.3d 917, 920 (9th Cir.1994), and for clear error its factual determinations, Hansen v. Comm’r, 471 F.3d 1021, 1028 (9th Cir.2006). We affirm.

The Tax Court did. not clearly err in determining that the preponderance of the evidence showed that the Bronsons were not engaged in horse-training and breeding activity for profit within the meaning of 26 U.S.C. § 183 . See Comm’r v. Groetzinger, 480 U.S. 23, 35 , 107 S.Ct. 980 , 94 L.Ed.2d 25 (1987) (“[T]o be engaged in a trade or business, ... the taxpayer’s primary purpose for engaging in the activity must be for income or profit.”); see also Hansen, 471 F.3d at 1028 (Tax Court’s weighing of the evidence will be upheld unless there is a “definite and firm conviction that a mistake…