Larry Carter, Steve Shead, and Fred Crawford v. United States
Opinion
Opinion
Duniway, J.
In this ease, each of the appellants was subpoenaed to appear before a Federal Grand Jury, and did so. On May 14, 1969, each was asked a number of questions and refused to answer each question on the ground that his answer might incriminate him. The next day, the government applied for orders granting each witness immunity and ordering him to testify. Each application alleged that the Grand Jury was “inquiring into matters involving interstate travel to organize, promote and encourage riots and teaching and demonstrating the use and making of firearms and explosives.” The former activity is covered by the so-called anti-riot act, 18 U.S.C., Part I, ch. 102, §§ 2101, 2102, added by Pub.L. 90-284, April 11, 1968, Title I, § 104(a), 82 Stat. 75 . The latter activity is covered by 18 U.S.C. § 231 (a) (1), which is part of the “Civil Obedience Act of 1968,” added as ch. 12 of Part I of Title 18 U.S.C. by Pub.L. 90-284, supra, Title X § 1002(a). The application was made under 18 U.S.C. § 2514 , which was added as part of Title III of the “Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968,” Pub.L. 90-351 § 802 , June 19, 1968, 82 Stat. 216 .