Garcia

FOR PUBLICATION

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,  No. 04-50105 Plaintiff-Appellee, v.  D.C. No.

CR-03-00238-BTM

ODILON GARCIA,

OPINION

Defendant-Appellant.  Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of California Barry T. Moskowitz, District Judge, Presiding

Argued and Submitted February 10, 2005—Pasadena, California

Filed March 11, 2005

Before: Alfred T. Goodwin, Frank J. Magill,* and Pamela Ann Rymer, Circuit Judges.

Opinion by Judge Rymer

*The Honorable Frank J. Magill, Senior Circuit Judge for the Eighth Circuit, sitting by designation. COUNSEL

Todd W. Burns and Ramzi G. Nasser, Federal Defenders of San Diego, Inc., San Diego, California, for the defendant- appellant.

Joseph H. Huynh, Assistant United States Attorney, San Diego, California, for the plaintiff-appellee. 3230 UNITED STATES v. GARCIA

OPINION

RYMER, Circuit Judge:

We must decide whether aiding and abetting under 18 U.S.C. § 2 is a separate offense from, or a different theory of liability for, the substantive offenses of alien…