Chavez-Romero

MEMORANDUM

Martha Alvarez-Guillen, a native and citizen of El Salvador, petitions for review of a Board of Immigration Appeals order dismissing her appeal from an immigration judge’s (IJ) decision denying her application for asylum, withholding of removal and protection under the Convention Against Torture (CAT). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252 . We review factual findings for substantial evidence, Santos-Lemus v. Mukasey, 542 F.3d 738, 742 (9th Cir.2008), and deny the petition for review.

Substantial evidence supports the Board’s denial of asylum and withholding of removal because Alvarez-Guillen failed to show her alleged persecutors threatened her on account of a protected ground. Assuming Alvarez-Guillen raised her claim of membership in a social group before the IJ, her fear of future persecution based on an actual or imputed anti-gang or anti-crime opinion is not on account of the protected ground of either membership in a particular social group or political opinion. See Ramos Barrios v. Holder, 581 F.3d 849, 854-56 (9th Cir.2009); Santos-Lemus at 745-46 ; see Ochave v. INS, 254 F.3d 859, 865 (9th Cir.2001) (“Asylum generally is not available to victims of…