Limon

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

The background of this case is long and storied. On March 21, 1990, Limon’s daughter, Marilou, married Raoul Paning- batan in a Filipino civil ceremony. Marilou then returned to work in Singapore, where she married Sam Burris, a United States citizen, in 1991. Marilou and Sam divorced in October 1995. 1 The government alternatively charged Limon with having procured her visa by fraud or willful misrepresentation. The IJ did not sustain this charge. 4392 LIMON v. GONZALES Based on the marriage to Sam, Marilou became a natural- ized United States citizen in January 1996. In July 1997, Marilou returned briefly to the Philippines and had a church wedding with Raoul. In November of that year, Limon entered the United States on an immediate relative visa, based on her daughter’s citizenship. Shortly thereafter, Marilou, pregnant with Raoul’s child, permanently returned to the Phil- ippines to live with Raoul.

The government thereafter issued Marilou a Notice of Intent to Revoke Naturalization based on its discovery of her marriage to Raoul. In March 1998, Marilou and Raoul had a son. That April, Limon visited them in the Philippines,…