Ramadan

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY1

Lead petitioner Neama El Sayed Ramadan (“Ramadan”)2 was born in Egypt. She attended the University of Alexandria and obtained degrees in physical education and rhythmic gymnastics. She taught gymnastics at the University, and also taught aerobics at a private athletic club in Alexandria, near her home. Over the years, she periodically quit working to 1 The IJ specifically found that Ramadan testified credibly and that her testimony would be given full weight. 2 Ramadan also filed a derivative application on behalf of her son, Gas- ser Hisham El Gendy. RAMADAN v. GONZALES 15039 visit her husband in the United States — in 1992, 1994, 1996 and 1999 — but would resume work upon returning to Egypt.

While Ramadan was a student, she frequently engaged in debates with other students and faculty regarding the role of women in Muslim society. Ramadan believed “a woman should have her own opinion and should have her own way of living.” She also dressed in western attire, such as mini- skirts, and did not wear a hijab.

As a result of her opinions and her dress, Ramadan encoun- tered “problems” with the men in her family and also other Islamic…