Chapman

I. BACKGROUND

On August 14, 2006, two contract security officers from the Department of Homeland Security at the San Ysidro Port of Entry approached Chapman to investigate complaints that he had been cutting in line at the pedestrian area leading to the border checkpoint. After a brief interaction, the three individ- uals began walking toward the Customs and Border Protec- tion Inspection area.1 As they approached the inspection area, the officers signaled to Officer Buchanan of the Federal Pro- tective Services to stop Chapman, and he did. Officer Buchanan asked Chapman to move to the side of the walkway away from the other pedestrians, but Chapman refused. He then tried to physically escort Chapman to the side of the walkway, but Chapman “tensed up.” At that point, Officer Buchanan placed Chapman under arrest and tried to pull Chapman’s hand behind his back. Chapman took a rigid stance, and Officer Buchanan was not strong enough to move Chapman’s arm. In the process, Officer Buchanan slipped and fell to the floor. He then stood up and told Chapman to lie down on the ground, but Chapman remained motionless and maintained his strong stance. In response, Officer Buchanan struck…