DISCUSSION

2 All further statutory references are to the Code of Civil Procedure.

3

I. Necessity to Determine Merits of Dismissed Anti-SLAPP Motion Before Award of

Attorney Fees

When a plaintiff dismisses a case after a defendant files an anti-SLAPP motion but

before a court has ruled on the motion, the court retains jurisdiction to award attorney

fees under the anti-SLAPP statute. (§ 425.16.) We conclude that for the purpose of

awarding attorney fees in such cases, the court must evaluate the merits of the anti-

SLAPP motion. Because the trial court in this case did not make such an evaluation

before awarding attorney fees, we reverse the attorney fee award.

A defendant who prevails on a special anti-SLAPP motion to strike is entitled to

recover attorney fees and costs incurred in bringing the motion. (§ 425.16, subd. (c);

Lafayette Morehouse, Inc. v. Chronicle Publishing Co. (1995) 39 Cal.App.4th 1379,

1382-1384; compare Dove Audio, Inc. v. Rosenfeld, Meyer & Susman (1996) 47

Cal.App.4th 777, 785 [statute authorizes award of fees so as to adequately compensate

the defendant for having to respond to a baseless lawsuit].) Under such circumstances,

the award of fees and costs is mandatory. (§ 425.16, subd. (c).)

When a plaintiff voluntarily dismisses the case after an anti-SLAPP motion has

been filed but before the court rules on the merits of the motion, courts have agreed that

the court retains jurisdiction to award attorney fees under section 425.16, subdivision

(c)(1), which allows the court to award attorney fees and costs to a prevailing defendant

on a special motion to strike. (See Kyle v. Carmon (1999) 71 Cal.App.4th 901, 918;

Pfeiffer Venice Properties v. Bernard (2002) 101 Cal.App.4th 211, 217; Law Offices of

Andrew L Ellis v. Yang (2009) 178 Cal.App.4th 869, 878-879; Code Civ. Proc., § 425.16

4 subd. (c).) However, appellate courts in such cases have disagreed on the need to

evaluate the merits of the dismissed anti-SLAPP motion before the trial court awards

attorney fees under section 425.16, subdivision (c)(1). Under Coltrain v. Shewalter

(1998) 66 Cal.App.4th 94, 107 (Coltrain), an evaluation of the merits of a pending anti-

SLAPP motion is not required to determine the prevailing party. The Coltrain court

observed that normally when the plaintiff dismisses the case after an anti-SLAPP motion

has been filed, a presumption arises that the defendant was the prevailing party, i.e., the

prevailing party was the one that "realized its objectives in the litigation." The court in

Coltrain reasoned that "[s]ince the defendant's goal is to make the plaintiff go away with

its tail between its legs, ordinarily the prevailing party will be the defendant." (Ibid.)

Apparently, the trial court here concluded, consistent with the logic in Coltrain, that

simply because Egley had dismissed her case against Sparks, Sparks was the prevailing

party.

We choose not to follow Coltrain, but to instead rely on this court's opinion in

Tourgeman v. Nelson and Kennard (2014) 222 Cal.App.4th 1447 (Tourgeman), which

requires the trial court to determine the prevailing party based on the merits of the anti-

SLAPP motion before awarding attorney fees. Tourgeman utilized the analysis presented

in Liu v. Moore (1999) 69 Cal.App.4th 745 (Liu). In Liu, the trial court denied the

motion for attorney fees, reasoning that the statute allowed fees only to a party who

prevailed on a special motion to strike and there was no prevailing party because the

alleged SLAPP pleading (in that case a cross-complaint) was dismissed prior to a hearing

on the special motion to strike. The appellate court reversed, holding that the cross-

5 defendant was required to have the merits of the special motion to strike heard as a

necessary predicate to a determination of the request for attorney fees and costs under

section 425.16, subdivision (c). (Liu, at pp.750-753; see also Touregeman, at pp. 1457-

1457; Kyle v. Cameron (1999) 71 Cal.App.4th 901, 918-919.)

The Liu court concluded that under section 425.16, subdivision (c), the requesting

party's entitlement to fees turns on the merits of the defendant's motion to strike. "An

award of [fees and costs] under section 425.16 is only justified when a defendant

demonstrates that the plaintiff's action falls within the provisions of subdivision (b) and

the plaintiff is unable to establish a reasonable probability of success. [Citation.] Until a

court determines that these circumstances exist, a moving defendant is not entitled to its

fees and costs under section 425.16. If such a judicial determination were not first

required, and a fair procedural opportunity to obtain it allowed, then a plaintiff's

voluntary dismissal of the action could have the effect of (1) depriving a true SLAPP

defendant of statutorily authorized fees, or (2) entitling a defendant to such relief in a

non-SLAPP action [that] was dismissed by the plaintiff for entirely legitimate reasons. In

both situations, the purpose of the statute's remedial provisions would be frustrated."

(Liu, supra, 69 Cal.App.4th at pp. 752-753.)

In awarding attorney fees in this case, the trial court stated, "As a direct result of

filing the special motion to strike, plaintiff dismissed this lawsuit . . . Defendant is the

prevailing party." The court proceeded to detail the manner in which it calculated the

amount of the attorney fee award. However, the record contains no indication that the

court analyzed the merits of the anti-SLAPP motion. We, therefore, conclude that the

6 trial court did not analyze the merits of Sparks' anti-SLAPP motion, but instead awarded

Sparks attorney fees based on the simple observation that Egley dismissed her complaint

after Sparks filed his anti-SLAPP motion, and, consistent with the logic of Coltrain,

determined that Sparks was the prevailing party.3 Because the trial court did not evaluate

the merits of the anti-SLAPP motion before making its award of attorney fees, the order

awarding attorney fees is reversed.

II. Sparks' Request that this Court Resolve the Attorney Fee Issue

Recognizing the necessity of judicial evaluation of the merits of the dismissed

anti-SLAPP motion, but hoping nevertheless to bring this case to final resolution without

the normal remand to the trial court, Sparks requests that this court "exercise its

discretion to resolve the purely legal prevailing party determination based on

uncontroverted evidence in the record" under Mann v. Quality Old Time Service, Inc.

(2006) 139 Cal.App.4th 328 (Mann II) and "affirm [without remand to the trial court]

under the harmless error rule." We decline to follow his suggestion.

Usually when an appellate court reverses and remands for further proceedings, the

appellate court will direct the trial court to determine whether either party is entitled to

prevailing party fees on the appeal, and if so, the amount of the award. Until the final

resolution of the case (or in this case the merits of the anti-SLAPP motion), it cannot be

3 On appeal both parties agree that the trial court should have followed the authority of Liu, which would have required the trial court to base its attorney fee ruling on an evaluation of the merits of the anti-SLAPP motion. In addition, both parties agree that the trial court did not consider the merits of the anti-SLAPP motion before awarding attorney fees.

7 determined who "prevailed." (See Liu, supra, 69 Cal.App.4th at p. 754; Lindenstadt v.

Staff Builders (1997) 55 Cal.App.4th 882, 894, fn. 9.) Because trial courts are usually

more familiar with the proceedings and work performed by the attorneys, and thus in the

better position to resolve related factual disputes, appellate courts rarely determine the

amount of attorney fees to be awarded. (People ex. rel. Cooper v. Mitchell Brothers

Santa Ana Theater (1985) 165 Cal.App.3d 378, 387-388.) " 'Although this court has the

power to fix attorney fees on appeal, the better practice is to have the trial court

determine such fees.' " (Huntingdon Life Sciences, Inc. v. Stop Huntingdon Animal

Cruelty USA, Inc. (2005) 129 Cal.App.4th 1228, 1267.)

In similar cases involving an attorney fee award under the anti-SLAPP statute

prior to resolution of the anti-SLAPP motion, courts following Liu have remanded the

case to the trial court for a determination of the merits of the anti-SLAPP motion before

an award of attorney fees. (See Liu, supra, 69 Cal.App.4th at p. 755, Pfeiffer Venice

Properties v. Bernard, supra, 101 Cal.App.4th at pp. 218-219.)

Sparks bases his request that we simply affirm the judgment without remand on

Mann II. However, the post appeal status in Mann II, which did not require the usual

remand to the trial court, was unique and differed significantly from the situation

presented here. By way of background, the predecessor to Mann II, Mann v. Quality Old

Time Service, Inc. (2004) 120 Cal.App.4th 90 (Mann I) reviewed the trial court's denial

of an anti-SLAPP motion in a case involving allegations of interference and trade libel.

After fully considering the merits of the anti-SLAPP motion de novo on appeal, this court

determined that the motion to strike should have been granted on the trade libel cause of

8 action but was properly denied on other interference counts, and remanded to the trial

court where a successor judge to the original trial judge was presiding. Later, in Mann II,

this court reviewed the award of attorney fees made by the successor judge. We stated:

"Although normally we would remand for the court to exercise its discretion on the issue of the proper amount of attorney fees, we conclude that under the particular circumstances of this case it is appropriate that we perform the analysis here. The basis of the broad discretion afforded to the trial judge is the judges familiarity with the proceedings and the work performed by the attorneys. [Citation.] Here, the trial judge did not preside over the underlying litigation, and the court did not have firsthand knowledge of the work because defendants did not submit the underlying trial or appellate court briefs to support their attorney fee request. In contrast, this court is familiar with the case and the attorneys' work based on our prior appellate review and the record is sufficiently explicit that we can properly perform the necessary calculations. Additionally, counsel have advised the court that the matter has settled, except for the attorney fees issue. Under these circumstances, it would be wasteful to remand and invite a new round of litigation." (Mann II, supra, 139 Cal.App.4th at p. 346, italics added.)

The circumstances of this case differ substantially from the atypical situation

presented in Mann II. Here, as in Liu, and unlike Mann II, no trial or appellate court has

ever evaluated the merits of an anti-SLAPP motion. Unlike Mann II, on remand, much

more than a simple math calculation will be required. The trial court will have to

evaluate the merits of the anti-SLAPP motion to determine the prevailing party and then

calculate attorney fees based on the efforts counsel for the prevailing party has expended

up to that point.

Accordingly, the trial court shall evaluate the merits of the anti-SLAPP motion in

order to determine the prevailing party on the anti-SLAPP motion and shall award

9 reasonable attorney fees to that party for work performed both in the trial court and on

appeal.

DISPOSITION

The order awarding attorney fees to Sparks is reversed. The matter is remanded to

the superior court for proceedings consistent with the opinion of this court.

PRAGER, J.*

WE CONCUR:

HALLER, Acting P. J.

IRION, J.

* Judge of the San Diego Superior Court, assigned by the Chief Justice pursuant to article VI, section 6 of the California Constitution.

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