Action for Services — Compromise of Prior Bill — Satisfaction— Parol Evidence — Rebutting Proof of Circumstances.—In an action for services rendered after the date of a bill rendered for prior services was disputed, and subsequently settled for a less sum, “in full satisfaction of all claims,” where defendant was allowed to prove by parol that such settlement and release included a full satisfaction for all work done and to be done, the plaintiff was entitled to rebut such evidence by proof of the surrounding circumstances under which the release was executed, and to show that but one item of the bill was disputed, and that there was no discussion as to anything else than the settlement and satisfaction of that bill.

Id.—Opinion of Witness—Harmless Ruling—Conclusions from Testimony Given. — Though a witness for plaintiff was improperly allowed to give his opinion, though not objected to on that ground, the admission of the testimony, even if erroneous, was harmless where it was a conclusion necessarily resulting from proper testimony of circumstances previously given by him.

Id.—Satisfaction across Face of Bill.—Where the receipt of a less sum than the amount of the bill, though bearing date subsequent to the date of the bill, was written across the face of the itemized bill, it cannot be said from the fact that “a satisfaction of all claims” was expressed that it clearly shows a release of all claims of whatsoever nature to such date; but it might be reasonably considered, in the absence of any evidence as to the surrounding circumstances, that the whole subject-matter of the release was the bill upon which it was written and the claim evidenced thereby.

Id. — Evidence in Aid of Interpretation — Support of Finding.—• Evidence of the surrounding circumstances was admissible in order that the trial judge might be placed in the position of those whose language he was to interpret, and taking as true the evidence of the witness who testified to such circumstances, the finding of the court based thereon that the instrument was one of release only of such claims as was evidenced by the bill was sufficiently supported.

Id.—Additional Words upon Bill Immaterial.—The additional words written upon the bill, “and guaranteed against liens,” are immaterial as respects the determination of the question as to the subject-matter of the alleged release.