This suit was brought by and on behalf of the members of San Buena Ventura Lodge, No. 214, Free and Accepted Masons, to compel the defendant to comply with the terms of the last will and testament of his deceased wife, and to convey to said lodge certain real estate and one thousand dollars in money, in accordance with the terms of said will. The judgment was in defendant’s favor as to the real estate, and plaintiffs’ favor as to the thousand dollars. Both parties appeal. The plaintiffs’ appeal is taken from the portion of the judgment against them, and from an order denying them a new trial, and the defendant’s appeal is taken from that portion of the judgment relating to the thousand dollars.

We will dispose of both appeals in one opinion, first considering the appeal of the plaintiffs.

The plaintiffs predicate their rights to the real estate in controversy upon the theory that the will declares a trust in their favor in said real estate. The will, so far as necessary to be quoted for the purpose of both appeals, is as follows :—

We are of opinion that it was the firm desire of the maker of this will that her burial lot should be kept in repair. But we are equally well satisfied that it was not her purpose to bind her husband to that object in such a way that the trust and confidence which she reposed in him could be enforced in a court of equity. If she outlived her husband, it was her purpose to charge upon her executors and her estate an enforceable trust for the care of her burial lot. This is plain from the language used in that connection. To her executors the devise wqs “in trust, however, for the following purposes,” etc. To her husband the devise is referred to by her as “all that portion of my real estate herein specifically devised to my said husband in fee simple with the request,” etc. She did not mean the same thing in both these expressions. (Williams v. Williams, 2 L. R. Ch. Div. 12.) In the one instance she determined that her grave should be cared for as a matter of business; in the other she wanted all this to be left (with a mere suggestion) to those sentiments which usually remain with the survivor of a happy matrimonial union. She doubtless thought that in the case of her husband surviving her she would take the chances of a neglected grave rather than attempt to bind him by the language of her will to do that which she would naturally regard as his duty without being so bound.

“The cardinal rule for the construction of all wills is to ascertain the intention of the testator; and this intention is to be ascertained from the words of his will, taking into view when necessary or appropriate the circumstances under which it was made.” (Estate of Marti, 132 Cal. 666 ; Civ. Code,' sec. 1318.)

It appears from the early decisions in England that any and every precatory word was laid hold of to create a trust, but the modern cases in that country and the better-considered cases in America have gone the other way, and the rule in California has been laid down that the ordinary and natural import of the words used will be followed “unless a clear intention to use them in another sense can be collected and that other can be ascertained.” (Estate of Marti, 132 Cal. 666 ; Civ. Code, sec. 1324; Shaw v. Lawless, 5 Clark & F. 129; Williams v. Williams, 2 L. R. Ch. Div. 12; Pennock’s Estate, 20 Pa. St. 268; Hess v. Singler, 114 Mass. 56 .) In Story’s Equity Jurisprudence (vol. 2, sec. 1069), Judge Story says: “The doctrine of thus construing expressions of recommendation, confidence, hope, wish, and desire into positive peremptory commands is not a little difficult to be maintained upon sound principles of interpretation of the actual intention of a testator. It can scarcely be presumed that every testator should not clearly understand the difference between such expressions and words of positive direction and command; and that in using the one and omitting the other he should not have a determinate end in view. It will be agreed on all-sides that where the intention of the testator is to leave the whole subject as a pure matter of discretion to the good will and pleasure of the party enjoying his confidence and favor, and where his expressions of desire are intended as mere moral suggestions to excite and aid that discretion, but not absolutely to control or govern it, there the language cannot and ought not to be held to create a trust. Now, words of recommendation and other words precatory in their nature imply that very discretion as contra-distinguished from peremptory orders, and therefore ought to be so construed unless a different sense is irresistibly forced upon them by the context. Accordingly, in more modern times a strong disposition has been indicated not to extend this doctrine of recommendatory trusts; but, as far as the authorities' will allow, to give to the words of wills their natural and ordinary sense, unless it is clear that they are designed to be used in a peremptory sense.”

According to the ordinary use of the English language, the words “desire” and “request” do not import a trust or charge. (Estate of Marti, 132 Cal. 666 .) And there is nothing in the rest of the will to indicate that they were used in any other than their ordinary sense; but, as we have already seen, there is an argument that they should be understood in their usual sense to he found in those portions of the will which contain apt language to create a trust that might he enforced in the courts. (Williams v. Williams, 2 L. R Ch. Div. 12.)

The above and foregoing is, perhaps, only one of several reasons why the judgment of the lower court as to the real estate should be affirmed; but as it seems to be decisive of that branch of the case, even if we were to admit the correctness of plaintiffs’ other contentions, we deem it unnecessary to discuss the other points urged in the brief. We are of opinion that the precatory words of the will, interpreted by the light of all the rest of the will, do not constitute a trust that should be enforced in a court of equity. It may properly be remarked that the final decree of distribution in°the matter of the estate of the deceased wife awarded the real property in dispute absolutely to defendant.

As to defendant’s appeal from the part of the judgment to the effect that plaintiffs recover of and from him the sum of one thousand dollars, of course there is no warrant in the will or elsewhere for an unconditional money judgment like that. This will be readily understood from a reading of the portion of the will relating to the thousand dollars above quoted. There is nothing in the will even suggesting that the lodge shall have a thousand dollars in any way otherwise than under a contract that so much of the income and principal as may be necessary shall be used for the care, repair, and maintenance of the burial lot of deceased.

As appears from a decree of distribution entered in the superior court of Ventura County, in the matter of the estate of Mary Selina Dries, a copy of which is attached to the complaint as an exhibit, the thousand dollars referred to was ordered distributed to “Ventura Lodge, No. 214,” etc., under the conditions and as provided -in the will. And as this was a matter altogether within the jurisdiction of the court making that decree (Toland v. Earl, 129 Cal. 148 ), and the decree seems to give all that could be reasonably asked under the will in reference to this one thousand dollars, we think the lodge will have to content itself with what it was given in that decree.

We advise that the judgment, so far as it relates to the real estate and the order denying plaintiffs a new trial, be affirmed, and that the money judgment for a thousand dollars and costs against defendant and in favor of plaintiffs be reversed.

Cooper, C., and Smith, C., concurred.

For the reasons given in the foregoing opinion the judgment, so far as it relates to the real estate and the order denying plaintiffs a new trial, is affirmed, and the judgment for a thousand dollars and costs against defendant and in favor of plaintiffs is reversed.

Angellotti, J., Shaw, J., Van Dyke, J.

59 Am. Dec. 718 . 79 Am. St. Rep. 100 .