The state board of equalization held that certain property of the Pacific Fruit Express Company, located at Colton, and comprising a “pre-cooling plant,” was exempt from local taxation because of the provisions of section 14 of article XIII of the constitution of this state. Being dissatisfied with the decision of the board, the authorities of San Bernardino County decided to test the correctness of the conclusion reached by the equalizers, and the result was this action founded upon an agreed statement of facts, pursuant to the provisions of section 1138 of the Code of Civil Procedure. The superior court sustained the action of the state board of equalization holding the property not subject to local taxation and this appeal is from the judgment.

By the agreed statement of facts it appears that the Pacific Fruit Express Company comes within the meaning of paragraph “A” of section 14 of article XIII of the constitution, and of the act approved April 1, 1911, providing for the separation of state from local taxation (Stats. 1911, p. 530), and that said company, being a car company operating in this state, pays three per centum of its gross receipts as prescribed by that act. From the statement we also learn that the express company prepares and operates cars of its own, and that under a contract with the Southern Pacific Company it agrees, for certain considerations, to supply the railroad company refrigeration and refrigerator-cars as the said Southern Pacific Company may require. The property sought to be submitted to local taxation belongs to the Pacific Fruit Express Company, and consists of land and a manufacturing, pre-cooling, and repairing plant located thereon, which, with the personal property therein contained, is used by the said express company for the following purposes:

Appellant’s counsel insists that the statute of 1911 is one providing for an exemption of property from taxation, and that therefore it should be strictly construed. But the constitutional and statutory provisions for taxing the property of certain corporations by collecting a per centum of their gross earnings is not an exemption. It is merely a change in the method of taxation. We need not here discuss this matter elaborately, because the origin and purpose of such taxes have been fully considered by this court in an opinion written by Mr. Justice Henshaw, in Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. Roberts, 168 Cal. 423 , [ 143 Pac. 700 ]. The words relieving public service and certain other corporations from local taxation must be given fair and reasonable interpretation “without any definite leaning to the side of the taxing power.” (City and County of San Francisco v. Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co., 166 Cal. 249 , [ 135 Pac. 971 ]; Hartford Fire Insurance Co. v. Jordan, 168 Cal. 270, 285 , [ 142 Pac. 839 ].) This court has followed the liberal interpreta tion given by the supreme court of the United States to the federal Workmen’s Compensation Act in classifying instrumentalities which are used in interstate commerce. (Southern Pacific Co. v. Pillsbury, 170 Cal. 782, [ 151 Pac. 277 ].) A similarly broad and reasonable policy should be followed in deciding questions relating to property which the state claims the exclusive right to tax. The prime requisite for property properly classified as “operative” is that it shall be used in the conduct of the business of one of the corporations enumerated in subdivision (a) of section 14 of article XIII of the constitution. (Lake Tahoe Ry. etc. Co. v. Roberts, 168 Cal. 553 , [ 143 Pac. 786 ].) It will be seen that all of the property here in question is so employed. The express company is engaged in the business of shipping in refrigerated cars and furnishing such cars to the railroad company, and its plant for pre-cooling, repairing, etc., is an essential part of its equipment.

There is no force in the argument of appellant’s counsel, that under the rule designated by the expression ejusdem generis, the general words of the constitution and the statute with respect to “other property” are limited by the previous enumeration of specific things: He says that the land and the “pre-cooling plant” not being of the same nature and quality as franchises, cars, rolling stock, wagons, horses, harness and safes, are not within the meaning of the words “other property.” In Pacific Gas & Electric Co. v. Roberts, 168 Cal. 423 , [ 143 Pac. 700 ], it was held that motor vehicles used exclusively by a public service corporation in its business are exempt from the tax provided by the “Motor Vehicle Act.” The measure of the taxing power of the local authorities, applied in all of the cases, is not the quality or the nature of the property so much as its use. For example, in San Diego & Arizona Railway Co. v. State Board of Equalisation, 165 Cal. 561 , [ 132 Pac. 1044 ], the use and not merely the kind of property governed our conclusion that it was “operative.” The interstate commerce commission has held that where a common carrier undertakes the transportation of perishable commodities in refrigerated cars the icing and, when necessary, the re-icing of the ears are just as essential as the hauling of the freight—that the ice is not merely an incident to the service of transportation, but is a part of the service itself and is inseparable. therefrom. (In re Charges for fhe Transportation and Refrigeration of Fruit, 11 Interstate Commerce Com. Rep. 129.) In the case at bar the functions performed by means of the Pacific Fruit Express Company’s property.in San Bernardino County are all so intimately connected with the furnishing of refrigerated carriage of perishable articles as to be, in contemplation of law, a part of the transportation itself.

EVen under statutes exempting railroad property from taxation (which according to the authorities must be strictly construed), buildings, repair-shops, and other instrumentalities reasonably incident to the proper and convenient carriage of passengers and commodities are included within the exemption. (See 37 Cyc. 918, and cases cited.) And there is stronger reason why similar adjuncts to the safe transmission of products requiring refrigeration should be removed from the local taxing power by the constitutional and statutory provisions which we have before us in this case, because we are bound to give them liberal construction.

The judgment is affirmed.

Henshaw, J., Shaw, J., Sloss, J., Lorigan, J., Lawlor, J., and Angellotti, C. J., concurred.